Schistosomiasis in the Philippines: Innovative Control Approach is Needed if Elimination is the Goal

Olveda, Remigio M.; Gray, Darren J.

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed4020066

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…China has since claimed success in eradicating schistosomiasis through widespread mass mobilization of capturing Oncomelania snails infected with S. japonicum , together with effective support on water and agricultural conservation projects, has successfully curtailed the epidemic (Gray et al 2009b ; Fan 2012 ) which might be a challenge in the Philippines due to limited resources for programs related to control and eradication. Apart from differences in topography, the transmission is not seasonal as in China (Olveda and Gray 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in bovines and Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi from ricefields surrounding Lake Mainit, Philippines

Jumawan

Estaño

2021

J Parasit Dis

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma and involves bovines and snails as a reservoir and intermediate hosts, respectively. This disease is endemic in Lake Mainit, Philippines, as early as 1947. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Schistosoma infection in ricefields adjacent to Lake Mainit by collecting Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi snails and bovine fecal samples which are then subjected to laboratory examination and analysis. A total of 345 O. quadrasi individuals and 32 bovine fecal samples were collected from six barangay rice field stations adjacent to Lake Mainit from February and July 2020 . Among the six barangays, Alipao had the highest prevalence of Schistosoma in O. quadrasi (39.71%), followed by San Isidro (28.3%), Matin-ao (18%), Poblacion (15%), and Magpayang (2.5%). No Oncomelania snails were collected in the ricefields of Cuyago. Schistosoma japonicum had an overall prevalence of 14.71% in all the bovines sampled, where Cuyago had the highest prevalence (50.0%) followed by Alipao (33.33%). The intensity of infection of Schistosoma eggs per gram (MPEG = 0.70) among bovines is categorized as light. Bovine contamination index calculations revealed that, on average, infected bovines in Lake Mainit excrete ~ 55,000 S. japonicum eggs per day. The study confirms the important role of bovines as a reservoir host for schistosomiasis. The presence of both infected bovines and O. quadrasi in ricefields makes this agricultural venue an important nidus of S. japonicum emergence in Lake Mainit. An integrated approach of mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel, implementation of a bovine vaccine-directed control program, and providing farmers with mechanized farm equipment are highly recommended to minimize the risk of exposure and infection to schistosomiasis in rice fields adjacent to the lake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in bovines and Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi from ricefields surrounding Lake Mainit, Philippines

Jumawan

Estaño

2021

J Parasit Dis

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“…Addressing persisting disease hotspots and neglected population groups could help overcome barriers holding us back from achieving schistosomiasis elimination. An opinion paper by Olveda and Gray [18] emphasizes that the integrated measures pioneered by PR China cannot be duplicated in the Philippines because of the geographical diversity and topography of this country, and the fact that transmission is not seasonal as in PR China. In fact, the situation in the Philippines is more like that of sub-Saharan Africa plus the added problem of dealing with zoonotic transmission.…”

Section: Can Schistosomiasis Be Eliminated?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomiasis Elimination: Beginning of the End or a Continued March on a Trodden Path

Bergquist¹,

Gray

2019

TropicalMed

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In spite of spectacular progress towards the goal of elimination of schistosomiasis, particularly in China but also in other areas, research gaps and outstanding issues remain. Although expectations of achieving elimination of this disease have never been greater, all constraints have not been swept aside. Indeed, there are some formidable obstacles, such as insufficient amounts of drugs to treat everybody and still limited use of high-sensitive diagnostic techniques, both for the definitive and the intermediate hosts, which indicate that prevalence is considerably underrated in well-controlled areas. Elimination will be difficult to achieve without a broad approach, including a stronger focus on transmission, better diagnostics and the establishment of a reliable survey system activating a rapid response when called for. Importantly, awareness of the crucial importance of transmission has been revived resulting in renewed interest in snail control together with more emphasis on health education and sanitation. The papers collected in this special issue entitled ‘Prospects for Schistosomiasis Elimination’ reflect these issues and we are particularly pleased to note that some also discuss the crucial question when to declare a country free of schistosomiasis and present techniques that together create an approach that can show unequivocally when interruption of transmission has been achieved.

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“…Among these, S. japonicum is the only one that has been shown to have substantial zoonotic transmission [3]. Schistosomiasis japonica is known to be prevalent in China, the Philippines, and portions of the Indonesian archipelago [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma japonicum infections in cattle and water buffaloes of farming communities of Koronadal City, Philippines

Tenorio

Molina

2020

Int J One Health

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Background and Aim: Schistosomiasis is one of the seven neglected tropical diseases that are of public health concern in the Philippines. The disease is prevalent in few of the barangays (communities) in Koronadal City, Philippines. Status of the Schistosoma japonicum infections in domestic animal reservoir host has yet to be explored in these endemic communities. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and infection intensity of the disease in cattle and water buffaloes of endemic communities of Koronadal City. Materials and Methods: Schistosomiasis was investigated in 70 cattle and 38 water buffaloes from three endemic communities in Koronadal City. The copro-parasitological technique used was the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation method. Results: S. japonicum infection was observed in 48.6% of cattle and 60.5% in water buffaloes. The bovine contamination index indicated that all infected animals released 3,505,500 eggs/day. On average, infected cattle released 1,674,500 eggs daily, while infected water buffaloes liberated 1,932,000 eggs in the environment daily. Conclusion: Cattle and water buffaloes in these endemic areas are infected with S. japonicum. These animals release large numbers of eggs in the environment daily; hence, played an important role in disease transmission. Those living and working in endemic areas should be aware of the inherent dangers of the disease.

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Schistosomiasis in the Philippines: Innovative Control Approach is Needed if Elimination is the Goal

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in bovines and Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi from ricefields surrounding Lake Mainit, Philippines

Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum in bovines and Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi from ricefields surrounding Lake Mainit, Philippines

Schistosomiasis Elimination: Beginning of the End or a Continued March on a Trodden Path

Schistosoma japonicum infections in cattle and water buffaloes of farming communities of Koronadal City, Philippines

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