Schistosomiasis Transmission and Water Contact Pattern in River Ureje in Ado-ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State

Omonijo, Adejumoke Oluwatosin; Asaolu, S.O.; Ofoezie, Ifeanyi Emmanuel

doi:10.3923/jp.2013.26.36

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Studies have reported sex dependent pattern of infection [18]. The lack of association between infection and sex may be due to the fact that both activities equally cause the most exposure to cercaria-infested water [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leisure water contact particularly during washing of clothes and bathing was the major types of water contact activities significantly associated with school-aged children (5-15 years) in the study area. Laundry, bathing, and recreational swimming are the activities that cause the most exposure to cercaria-infested water because these do involve the immersion of large body parts, for long periods [61]. Recent findings strongly suggest that the extension of more piped water sources in this endemic area will reduce the incidence of infection by reducing the need for intense or frequent contact with infested water [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated withS. haematobiumEgg Excretion during the Dry Season, Six Months following Mass Distribution of Praziquantel (PZQ) in 2017 in the Bafia Health Area, South West Region Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ndassi

Anchang-Kimbi

Sumbele

et al. 2019

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Background. A selective population mass drug administration of PZQ involving school-aged children was carried out in the Bafia Health Area in April 2017. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, and factors associated withS. haematobiumegg excretion in this foci during the dry season, six months after the chemotherapy campaign.Methods. A cross-sectional study including 1001 consenting individuals (aged 3-62 years) was carried out in three localities (Ikata, Bafia, and Munyenge) in the Bafia Health Area between November 2017 and January 2018. Information on sociodemographic, stream usage, and contact behaviour was documented.Schistosoma haematobiumova in urine were detected using membrane filtration technique.Results. The prevalence ofS. haematobiumegg excretion was 8% with a higher level recorded in Munyenge (13.2%) than Ikata (7.5%) and Bafia (2.8%). The difference was significant (p < 0.001). Equally, Munyenge had the highest infection intensity (36.36 range: 2-200) when compared with Ikata (16.25 range: 2-57) and Bafia (8.0 range: 0-8). Although the age group (5–15 years) was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with more exposure to infested water, this group was less likely (OR: 0.42 95% CI: 0.19-0.91) associated withS. haematobiumegg excretion. The risk of egg excretion increased by 4.79 times (95% CI: 2.20-10.41) and 3.68 times (95% CI: 1.59-8.54) among residents in Munyenge and Ikata, respectively. Similarly, frequency to the stream (> thrice/day) was significantly higher (χ2= 58.73; p < 0.001) in Munyenge. Frequent contact (three visits/day) with stream correlated with highest odds of egg excretion (OR: 8.43 95% CI: 3.71-19.13).Conclusion. The prevalence ofS. haematobiumegg excretion was low during the dry season. This was most likely attributed to the preventive campaign with PZQ and may parallel low transmission potentials in infested waters during this period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated withS. haematobiumEgg Excretion during the Dry Season, Six Months following Mass Distribution of Praziquantel (PZQ) in 2017 in the Bafia Health Area, South West Region Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ndassi

Anchang-Kimbi

Sumbele

et al. 2019

Journal of Parasitology Research

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“…Laundry, bathing and recreational swimming are often among the activities causing the most exposure to cercaria-infested water, while the collection of water for drinking may be relatively unimportant, often involving the immersion of small areas of body surface, for relatively short durations [ 60 , 82 - 90 ]. Furthermore, recreational swimming is often engaged in by children, while in many settings laundry is carried out by women, accompanied by their young children who simultaneously are exposed to cercariae and, if infected, contaminate the water with eggs in their urine or faeces [ 91 - 98 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review

et al. 2015

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Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Transmission of, and exposure to, the parasite result from faecal or urinary contamination of freshwater containing intermediate host snails, and dermal contact with the same water. The World Health Assembly resolution 65.21 from May 2012 urges member states to eliminate schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy (i.e. periodic large-scale administration of the antischistosomal drug praziquantel to school-aged children and other high-risk groups), provision of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and snail control. However, control measures focus almost exclusively on preventive chemotherapy, while only few studies made an attempt to determine the impact of upgraded access to safe water, adequate sanitation and good hygiene on schistosome transmission. We recently completed a systematic review and meta-analysis pertaining to WASH and schistosomiasis and found that people with safe water and adequate sanitation have significantly lower odds of a Schistosoma infection. Importantly though, the transmission of schistosomiasis is deeply entrenched in social-ecological systems, and hence is governed by setting-specific cultural and environmental factors that determine human behaviour and snail populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature, which explores the transmission routes of schistosomes, particularly focussing on how these might be disrupted with WASH-related technologies and human behaviour. Additionally, future research directions in this area are highlighted.

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“…Eggs excretion reached a peak at this age group and decreased to relatively low levels in adulthood (Adenowo et al, 2015;Colley et al, 2014). In Nigeria, urinary schistosomiasis is widespread in the poor and marginalized communities, with varying prevalences, in all the cardinal zones of the country (Engels et al, 2002;Omonijo et al, 2013;Ugbomoiko et al, 2010) apart from the earlier studies (Bello and Edungbola, 1992;Edungbola et al, 1988) in some selected locations in old Kwara State, information on the epidemiology of the disese is limited in our study area. Adequate data on the currenrt infection status are necessary for the planning and implementation of control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Distribution Pattern of Human Urinary Schistosomiasis in Kwara State, Nigeria

Joseph¹,

Abdulkareem²,

Samuel³

2017

American Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Human urinary schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic infectious disease in many rural communities in tropical Africa. The status of infection in Kwara State is inadequately documented. We, therefore, investigated distribution pattern of infection amongst school-aged children in the three Senatorial Districts of the state. Of 3757 urine samples examined, 670 (17.8%) were infected with 8.9% in Central, 13.5% in South and 28.7% in the North Senatorial districts. The overall geometric mean intensity and mean population egg load were 347.3 and 61.9 eggs per 10 mL urine respectively. Generally, infection is age and sex dependent (p<0.05). Males had significantly higher prevalence and intensity of infections than the female (20.6%, 361 eggs/10 mL of urine vs. 14.3%, 340 eggs/10 mL of urine; p<0.0001). A high eggcounts of 412.25 eggs/10 mL urine was recorded among 16-20 years age group in Kwara central. In this study, 27.2 and 10.7% were moderately and heavily infected respectively. There is a significant association between intensity of infection and prevalence of haematuria and proteinuria among the infected population (p<0.0001). Our findings show that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic among kwaran schoolchildren and further study is recommended to reveal the essentials attributable risk factors of infection in the endemic communities.

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Schistosomiasis Transmission and Water Contact Pattern in River Ureje in Ado-ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated withS. haematobiumEgg Excretion during the Dry Season, Six Months following Mass Distribution of Praziquantel (PZQ) in 2017 in the Bafia Health Area, South West Region Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated withS. haematobiumEgg Excretion during the Dry Season, Six Months following Mass Distribution of Praziquantel (PZQ) in 2017 in the Bafia Health Area, South West Region Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review

Distribution Pattern of Human Urinary Schistosomiasis in Kwara State, Nigeria

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