Schizophyllum commune induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura

Abstract

Background: In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to fungal endophytes as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune by analyzing activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as morphology of haemocytes using Spodoptera litura as a model. Results: Ethyl acetate extract of S. commune was fed to the larvae of S. litura using the artificial diet having 276.54 μg/ml (LC 50 of fungus) concentration for different time durations. Exposed groups revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the activities of various enzymes viz. Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase. Furthermore, haemocytes showed various deformities like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae in the treated larvae. A drastic reduction in the percentage of normal haemocytes was recorded in the treated groups with respect to control. Conclusion: The study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing and immunosuppressant potential of S. commune against S. litura and its considerable potential for incorporation in pest management programs.

Cytotoxicity Analysis of Partial Purified Extract of <em>Schizophyllum commune </em>(Schizophyllaceae) against <em>Spodoptera litura</em> (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Although fungal endophytes have been extensively used against various insect pests, but very less reports are available on the cytotoxicity of endophytic fungi against Spodoptera litura. (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [13][14][15]. S. litura is a noctuid moth also called as Cluster caterpillar, Tobacco caterpillar, Oriental leafworm moth, Cotton leafworm, and Tropical armyworm.…”

“…Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Nomuraea rileyi [20][21][22][23]. Very fewer reports focus on other fungal groups [15].…”