Schizotypal Symptoms and Signs in the Roscommon Family Study

Kendler, Kenneth S.; McGuire, Mary; Gruenberg, Alan M.; Walsh, Dermot

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950160046009

Cited by 230 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Factor-analytic research has shown that schizotypy and SPD are multidimensional syndromes. It also has been shown that family members of patients with schizophrenia differ from nonrelatives based on the type and severity of schizotypal features, especially odd speech and social dysfunction [32]. Findings such as these have led some to believe that there may be different schizotypal disorders [26,30].…”

Section: Schizotypy Schizotaxia and Schizotypal Personality Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychosis continuum and categorical versus dimensional diagnostic approaches

Esterberg¹,

Compton

2009

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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This overview briefly presents recent thinking on the dimensional approach to understanding psychotic experiences. First, evidence is provided for a continuum of psychosis ranging from self-reported infrequent psychotic symptoms in the general population, to schizotypal traits, to schizotypal personality disorder, and finally to full-blown psychosis resulting in a diagnosable primary psychotic disorder. Variation within each of these types of psychotic experience is discussed. Then, a comparison is presented between categorical and dimensional approaches to the diagnosis of psychosis by highlighting four advantages of each approach. In doing so, it is emphasized that the categorical approach is beneficial primarily in terms of reliability, whereas the dimensional approach would enhance validity.

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Section: Schizotypy Schizotaxia and Schizotypal Personality Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychosis continuum and categorical versus dimensional diagnostic approaches

Esterberg¹,

Compton

2009

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…Accumulating evidence from family and twin data indicates that SPD is multidimensional and may be genetically heterogeneous. [89][90][91][92] Its manifestations fall into two genetically independent clusters: a 'negative' cluster (odd speech and behaviour, inappropriate affect and social withdrawal), more common among relatives of schizophrenic probands, and a 'positive' cluster (magical ideation, brief quasipsychotic episodes), associated with increased incidence of affective disorders in relatives. 93 'Negative' schizotypy may indeed represent a personality-based counterpart of schizophrenia, 94 manifesting attenuated cognitive deficits [95][96][97] and brain structural abnormalities 98 characteristic of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Molecular Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtyping schizophrenia: implications for genetic research

2006

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Phenotypic variability and likely extensive genetic heterogeneity have been confounding the search for the causes of schizophrenia since the inception of the diagnostic category. The inconsistent results of genetic linkage and association studies using the diagnostic category as the sole schizophrenia phenotype suggest that the current broad concept of schizophrenia does not demarcate a homogeneous disease entity. Approaches involving subtyping and stratification by covariates to reduce heterogeneity have been successful in the genetic study of other complex disorders, but rarely applied in schizophrenia research. This article reviews past and present attempts at delineating schizophrenia subtypes based on clinical features, statistically derived measures, putative genetic indicators, and intermediate phenotypes, highlighting the potential utility of multidomain neurocognitive endophenotypes.

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“…Indeed, nearly all correlations between scores for negative and positive symptoms, calculated for each year in the period of 15 years prior to hospital admission, for each month in the final pre-admission year, and for several time-points in a period up to 3 years after admission, were reported by Häfner et al (1995) to depart significantly and positively from zero, with values varying between 0.15 and 0.45 approximately. Although interpret these correlations and the almost parallel course in terms of a common etiological factor, attention must be drawn to the fact that among biological relatives of schizophrenics predominantly negative symptoms have been reported (see, e.g., Grove et al, 1991;Gunderson, Siever, & Spaulding, 1983;Kendler, McQuire, Gruenberg, & Walsh, 1995;Tsuang et al, 1991). This suggests that negative symptoms, rather than positive ones (and notwithstanding their statistical interdependence), are a more direct expression of the biologicalgenetic basis of schizophrenia.…”

Section: Relationship Between Positive and Negative Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to schizophrenic psychosis: A LISREL-tested model of the unfolding of the schizophrenic prodrome

Kampen

2005

J. Clin. Psychol.

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In this article a literature-based model (the Schizotypic Syndrome Questionnaire [SSQ] model) is presented that gives a description of the temporal unfolding of the schizophrenic prodrome. As a guiding principle for the selection of the symptoms in the model, the hypothesis was held that the main prodromal features determine each other in terms of cause and effect. Furthermore, the developmental pathways between the symptoms were not allowed to be in conflict with the usual observation that negative symptoms precede psychotic-like ones nor--at least in broad outline--with J.P. Docherty, D.P. van Kammen, S.G. Siris, and S.R. Marder's (1978) description of the various onset stages in the development of a schizophrenic psychosis. For the definitive version of the SSQ model, 12 symptoms were selected (e.g., affective flattening, suspicion, and delusional thinking). After specifying the paths to be estimated, the model was examined in two randomly drawn samples from a total community-based sample of 771 normal subjects and in the total sample itself, in each case resulting in adequate fit values. Moreover, all postulated pathways were found to be significantly different from zero. The use of a normal sample was based on the continuum hypothesis. Given the present-day discussions concerning the tenability of the schizophrenia concept, the model's implications with respect to that issue are particularly emphasized. Furthermore, the concept of the schizophrenia prodrome itself is critically discussed.

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Schizotypal Symptoms and Signs in the Roscommon Family Study

Cited by 230 publications

References 32 publications

The psychosis continuum and categorical versus dimensional diagnostic approaches

The psychosis continuum and categorical versus dimensional diagnostic approaches

Subtyping schizophrenia: implications for genetic research

Pathways to schizophrenic psychosis: A LISREL-tested model of the unfolding of the schizophrenic prodrome

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