Schizotypy, self-referential thinking and the Barnum effect

Mason, Oliver; Budge, Katie

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.11.003

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is known that the external locus of control is correlated with a greater acceptance of fake personality descriptions (Cuperman, Robinson, & Ickes, 2014;Snyder & Larson, 1972). Most recent research on the topic also suggests that the Barnum effect is related to schizotypy -the tendency to experience unusual cognitive and emotional states (Claridge, Clark, Powney, & Hassan, 2008;Mason & Budge, 2011). There is also some evidence that mixed-handed persons also are more susceptible to the Barnum effect (Christman, Henning, Geers, Propper, & Niebauer, 2008), so we can reasonably assume that innate personality factors do have some role in the acceptance of fake personality descriptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Barnum effect, also known as the Forer effect, is the tendency of an individual to perceive vague and general personality descriptions as accurate and descriptive of himself or herself (Furnham & Schofield, 1987;Mason & Budge, 2011). It was first demonstrated by B. Forer who sought to prove that personality tests should not be validated using personal testimony from test-takers, and he called it "the fallacy of personal validation" (Forer, 1949).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the Barnum effect is traditionally defined as the acceptance of vague and general statements that could apply to most people, some studies venture beyond this definition and present stimuli that are comprised of inverted personality profiles (Greene, Harris, & Macon, 1979), or that describe positive or negative traits (Michels & Layne, 1980;Weinberger & Bradley, 1980), or are written in a positive or negative tone (Layne, 1978;O'Dell, 1972). Keeping in mind the varied stimuli used in the Barnum effect studies, it is adequate to define the Barnum effect as a tendency to accept personality feedback as true despite its validity (Poškus, Kairys, Liniauskaitė, & Žukauskienė, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some criticism directed to the concept of the Barnum effect itself. Research shows that the accuracy ratings of personality descriptions are related to actual traits of the subject (Layne & Ally, 1980;Layne, 1978;Michels & Layne, 1980), so the acceptance of personality descriptions may not be naïve, people may be accepting fake descriptions as accurate simply because of the high base validity of the presented stimuli. However, statements presented as feedback, rather than questionnaire items, are accepted more readily (Layne, 1978), so not all acceptance of personality feedback can be explained by actual traits of the subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A new way of looking at the Barnum effect and its links to personality traits in groups receiving different types of personality feedback

Poškus

2014

PSY

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study proposes a new way of looking at the Barnum effect. A theoretical model describing the relationship between personality traits, type of personality feedback, and acceptance of personality feedback is proposed and tested. The results of the study provide proof for the model, supporting the notion that personality feedback is accepted both rationally and irrationally, demonstrating that the Barnum effect is linked to personality traits and these links are moderated by the type of personality feedback that is provided.Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that overall ratings of the acceptance of personality descriptions as a measure of the Barnum effect should be avoided. Rather, researchers should gather the acceptance ratings of the whole personality description presented as feedback, as well as acceptance ratings of its component statements. Any correlations between the acceptance ratings of the whole personality description and other variables should be controlled for the acceptance ratings of the component statements of the whole personality description.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A new way of looking at the Barnum effect and its links to personality traits in groups receiving different types of personality feedback

Poškus

2014

PSY

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Она до сих пор далека от решения. За годы исследований по вопросу детерминирования эффекта Барнума рассматривался целый ряд перемен-ных: авторитет исследователя, приятность описаний, их происхождение, культура испытуемых, их гендер, преобладание тех или иных личностных черт и мно-гое другое [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Одной из таких переменных явля-ется релевантность психологического портрета.…”

unclassified

Relevance of Interpretation as the Determinant of the Barnum Effect

Калита¹,

Гайдай²

2018

Vestn. Kemer. gos. univ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current research features the relevance of the psychological portrait as a factor of influence on the Barnum effect. The article contains some definitions of the phenomenon in question, as well as some other relevant concepts. It offers a brief review of the literature on the matter. The subjects of the research were full-time students of the Far East Federal University and the Admiral Nevelskoy Maritime State University, who were offered to relate a trivial personal description to their self-concept. The study was carried out in accordance with the standard procedure used in empirical studies of the Barnum effect. The processing of the obtained data was carried out with the help of the Pearson statistical criterion χ2 . Based on the results of the study, a statistically significant difference in the assessment of the accuracy of the trivial personal description was found. The difference depends on the type of relevance, which clarifies the current understanding of the Barnum effect. The conclusion features some further ways of investigating the Barnum effect and using the obtained data.

show abstract

Does cognitive biased knowledge influence investor decisions? An empirical investigation using machine learning and artificial neural network

Bihari

Dash

Muduli

et al. 2023

VJIKMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Current research in the field of behavioural finance has attempted to discover behavioural biases and their characteristics in individual investors’ irrational decision-making. This study aims to find out how biases in information based on knowledge affect decisions about investments. Design/methodology/approach In step one, through existing research and consultation with specialists, 13 relevant items covering major aspects of bias were determined. In the second step, multiple linear regression and artificial neural network were used to analyse the data of 337 retail investors. Findings The investment choice was heavily impacted by regret aversion, followed by loss aversion, overconfidence and the Barnum effect. It was observed that the Barnum effect has a statistically significant negative link with investing choices. The research also found that investors’ fear of making mistakes and their tendency to be too sure of themselves were the most significant factors in their decisions about where to put their money. Practical implications This research contributes to the expansion of the knowledge base in behavioural finance theory by highlighting the significance of cognitive psychological traits in how leading investors end up making irrational decisions. Portfolio managers, financial institutions and investors in developing markets may all significantly benefit from the information offered. Originality/value This research is a one-of-a-kind study, as it analyses the emotional biases along with the cognitive biases of investor decision-making. Investor decisions generally consider the shadowy side of knowledge management.

show abstract

Schizotypy, self-referential thinking and the Barnum effect

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

A new way of looking at the Barnum effect and its links to personality traits in groups receiving different types of personality feedback

A new way of looking at the Barnum effect and its links to personality traits in groups receiving different types of personality feedback

Relevance of Interpretation as the Determinant of the Barnum Effect

Does cognitive biased knowledge influence investor decisions? An empirical investigation using machine learning and artificial neural network

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About