Schmelzdiagramme höchstfeuerfester Oxyde. IV. (Aluminiumoxyd)

Wartenberg, H. v.; Reusch, H. J.

doi:10.1002/zaac.19322070102

Cited by 102 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…According to the results of this investigation, the AI20 3-Th02 eutectic is at 1,910 0 C and 60.7 wt percent of A120 3 or, in mole ratio, at 4A120 3 :Th02, which is in good agreement with the findings of Wartenburg and Reusch [15]. The location of the eutectic ( fig.…”

Section: The System Beo-ahoa-th02supporting

confidence: 91%

“…As a generalization, one can say that the beginning of fusion of the ternary mixtures will average about 50 deg C lower than for corresponding mixtures in the BeO-Al20 3-Th02 system, but the binary eutectics of the end members are about the same in the two systems. The eutectic between Al20 3 and zr02 at about 50 mole percent, or 55 wt percent, of zr02 has been reported at 1,920 0 C [25] and at 1,900° C [15]. In this study, fusion was observed at 1,885° C. For thesystem BeO-Zr02, a compound (3BeO:2Zr02) and two eutectics were reported in 1930 [26] , but a year later a single eutectic at about 75 wt percent of zr02 and 2,240° C was reported [27].…”

Section: The System Beo-alo·zr02mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Studies of binary and ternary combinations of magnesia, calcia, baria, beryllia, alumina, thoria and zirconia in relation to their use as porcelains

Geller¹,

Yavorsky²,

Steierman³

et al. 1946

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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Barium oxide (BaO).-Introduced as reagent quality BaCOa. Beryllia (BeO).-(1) Commercial "SP grade," usually used in making the porcelain specimens, and nominally of 99.7-percent purity. Spectrograms showed only traces of copper, iron and magnesium, and very weak lines for silicon.(2) Commercial "CP grade," usually used in specimens for fusionpoint and softening-range determinations, nominally of over 99.9-percent purity.Calcium oxide (CaO).-Introduced as reagent quality CaCOa. Magnesium oxide (MgO).-(l) Fused MgO (periclase) of approximately 97-percent purity, usually used in making porcelain specimens.(2) Calcined MgCOa (calcining temperature given by producer as 2,000° F). Very fine grained, purity about 99 percent, and used in a relatively small number of specimens.(3) Especially selected, water clear, crystals of periclase,2 which were hand ground in agate or mullite mortars and usually used in bodies for fusion-point and softening-range tests. The purity is nominally over 99 percent.Silica (Si02).-Pulverized natural quartz of 99.6-percent purity. Strontia (SrO).-Introduced as reagent quality SrC03• Titania (Ti02).-Trade designation "pigment grade," purity about 99 percent, with Fe20a given by the producer as less than 0.2 percent.Thoria (Th02).-Calcined thoria, nominally of over 99-percent purity. Spectrograms showed only very weak lines for calcium, copper, and silicon, and no other impurities were indicated.Zirconia (Zr02).-A CP grade of calcined zirconia, and recalcined at 1,440° C. The spectrogram showed medium lines for columbium and titanium and only very weak lines or traces for calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, lead, and silicon.In order to obtain the desired fineness of particle size, it was necessary to grind the SP BeO, the commercial grade AI20 a, and the Th02• The BeO described above had been ground wet for 2 hours in porcelain-lined mills with flint pebbles. The A120 a and the Th02 had been ground for 48 hr. in a steel mill ",ith steel rods, and then purified by treatment with diluted HOI until the wash water gave a negative test for iron. 3 III. METHODSSpecimens were prepared during the first stages of the work by hand-mixing the ingredients in slip form, drying, pulverizing in an agate or in a mullite mortar, remL'{ing with a 5-percent solution of soluble starch, and pressing in hardened steel moulds. About 14 g of the starch solution was used for 100 g of dry batch, and the forming pressure was 9,300 Ib/in 2 • Later, the method was improved by machine-blunging the slip with a chemical-Iaboratory-type stirrer, and by vibrating the dampened mixture in the steel moulds before pressing. The pressed specimens were matured in an electric furnace, heated with eight Th02-Y20a resistors, described in Bureau Research Paper RP1662 [12]. The heating and cooling rates were maintained very close to 3°0 per min, and the holding time at the maximum temperature usually was 1 hr. A typical setup with three specimens , Furnisbed by tbo Vitrefrax Corporation and by the Norton Co .• Comparative tests were made ...

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Section: The System Beo-ahoa-th02supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: The System Beo-alo·zr02mentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies of binary and ternary combinations of magnesia, calcia, baria, beryllia, alumina, thoria and zirconia in relation to their use as porcelains

Geller¹,

Yavorsky²,

Steierman³

et al. 1946

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…When h eated at 1,950 0 C, a very fluid melt was formed. These data support the finding of Wartenburg and Reusch [16] of a eutectic melting at about 1,900 0 C.…”

Section: Materials and Experi Mental Mixt Uressupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Beryllia and alumina.-The information published by Wartenburg [16] shows a fairly sharp eutectic at 1,890° ° for a mixture of BeO and Al20 3 in the 1:1 mole ratio. He points out that there was no evidence of the formation of chrysoberyl.…”

Section: Thoria and Magnesia-an Intimate Mixture In The Mole Ratio 40mentioning

confidence: 99%

A resistor furnace, with some preliminary results up to 2,000 degrees C

Geller¹

1941

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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“…Figure 2 shows the calculated optimized phase diagram of the Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 system in air. The diagram was first studied by von Wartenberg and Reusch 14) and by Bunting.…”

Section: Critical Evaluation and Optimization Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Modeling of the Al2O3–Ti2O3–TiO2 System and Its Applications to the Fe–Al–Ti–O Inclusion Diagram

Jung

Eriksson

et al. 2009

ISIJ Int.

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a database of model parameters has been prepared. The Modified Quasichemical Model was employed for the molten oxide phase. The thermodynamic modeling predicts the existence of a liquid oxide Al 2 O 3 -Ti 2 O 3 -TiO 2 phase at secondary steelmaking conditions. The database was used to calculate the inclusion diagram for Al-Ti deoxidation at 1 600°C.KEY WORDS: thermodynamic modeling; Al 2 O 3 -Ti 2 O 3 -TiO 2 , Al-Ti deoxidation, inclusion; FactSage.and Ti 3ϩ ions are distributed as independent particles in the liquid solution, not as ion pairs.) The following short-range ordering quasichemical reactions are taken into account: , and (A-B) represents a second-nearest-neighbor A-B pair. The Gibbs energies of this reaction Dg AB are the model parameters, which can be expanded as empirical functions of composition. The Gibbs energies and all second-nearest-neighbor "coordination numbers" of the three liquid components used in the model are the same as in previous studies. 11,12) That is, the coordination number of Ti 3ϩ is identical to that of Al 3ϩ , which is 3/4 that of Ti 4ϩ . Optimized model parameters for the Ti 2 O 3 -TiO 2 binary liquid phase were recently reported, 12) while optimized parameters for the Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 -Ti 2 O 3 binary liquids are reported in the present study. The properties of the ternary slag solution are estimated from the optimized binary model parameters using an asymmetric "Toop-like" 13) approximation with TiO 2 as the "asymmetric component". No additional adjustable ternary model parameters are used for the liquid phase. The optimized model parameters are listed in The corundum phase is an Al 2 O 3 -rich solid solution, with a trigonal structure based on the hcp oxygen-packing scheme which dissolves a small amount of Ti 2 O 3 . The ilmenite phase is a Ti 2 O 3 -rich solid solution, with a hexagonal structure, which dissolves a limited amount of Al 2 O 3 . In the absence of any experimental data, it is assumed that TiO 2 is stable only to a negligible extent in both phases.The molar Gibbs energies of the corundum and ilmenite phases are modeled as ideal ionic substitutional Henrian solutions by the following expressions: Kang et al. 12) in order to reproduce the experimental solubility data over a wide range of temperatures. The thermodynamic model of Kang et al. 12) is adopted in the present study with no modification. D. Stoichiometric CompoundsThe Gibbs energy functions of several Magnéli phases (Ti n O 2nϪ1 , nՆ4) and Ti 3 O 5 are taken from the previous studies 11,12) with no modification. The Gibbs energies of Al 2 TiO 5 (tialite) and Al 4 TiO 8 are evaluated in the present study. In the absence of any experimental evidence to the contrary, all of these phases are assumed to be stoichiometric compounds. 12) reoptimized the model parameters of the liquid oxide and rutile phases in order to reproduce the phase diagram more accurately. The details of the thermodynamic modeling and model parameters can be found in the previous study. Critical Evaluation and12) Iso...

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Schmelzdiagramme höchstfeuerfester Oxyde. IV. (Aluminiumoxyd)

Abstract: 1. Die Schmelzpunkte von Cr2O3 2275°, La2O3 2315°, Ga2O3 1740° sind neu bestimmt.

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

Studies of binary and ternary combinations of magnesia, calcia, baria, beryllia, alumina, thoria and zirconia in relation to their use as porcelains

Studies of binary and ternary combinations of magnesia, calcia, baria, beryllia, alumina, thoria and zirconia in relation to their use as porcelains

A resistor furnace, with some preliminary results up to 2,000 degrees C

Thermodynamic Modeling of the Al2O3–Ti2O3–TiO2 System and Its Applications to the Fe–Al–Ti–O Inclusion Diagram

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