“…As noted throughout our review of the literature, because advisors employ diverse advising approaches, play a variety of roles in their institutions, and work toward different outputs based on the students they serve (Troxel, 2018), the empirical research and scholarship of advising is equally varied. Additionally, inconsistencies in institutions' and students' expectations for academic advisors, as well as the fact that some academic advisors are also faculty members with teaching responsibilities and consequently varied backgrounds, add to the difficulty of empirically examining advising (Troxel, 2018). Despite these challenges, several common methods of analyzing advising have emerged, including the ''advising-asteaching'' (Crookston, 1972(Crookston, /2009He & Hutson, 2016) approach (also referred to in the scholarship of teaching and learning [Troxel, 2018]), which involves using a student-centered learning lens when advising students.…”