School-Based Exercise Programs for Promoting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight and Obese Children Aged 6 to 10

Mijalković, Stefan; Stanković, Dušan; Tomljanović, Mario; Batez, Maja; Grle, Maki; Grle, Ivana; Brkljačić, Ivan; Jularić, Josip; Sporiš, Goran; Fišer, Suzana Žilič

doi:10.3390/children9091323

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This was predicted because improvements in speed as a PF are often influenced by the specificity of the training program, and in the EXP group, the teacher tried to adjust the activities and games in each lesson to focus on specific components of speed, such as acceleration, agility, or sprint mechanics, which led to an improvement in overall speed performance. Similar findings were obtained by Mijalković et al (2022) , who investigated school-based exercise programs to promote cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese children aged 6–10 years. In their study, the implementation of structured exercise programs potentially contributed to the improvement of the participants’ speed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

A 16-week school-based intervention improves physical fitness in Slovenian children: a randomized controlled trial

Petrušič,

Novak

2024

Front. Physiol.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 16-week school-based physical activity (PA) intervention on physical fitness (PF) (speed, hand-eye coordination, flexibility) of 8– to 9-year-olds.Methods: A total of seventy-eight boys and girls (boys: n = 45, aged 8.4 ± 4.9 years; girls: n = 42, aged 8.6 ± 0.5 years) from a school in Slovenia were randomly assigned to either a group with an after-school PA program (EXP) or a control group (CON) that participated exclusively in mandatory physical education (PE). The EXP group engaged in the extracurricular PA program for 60 min twice a week for 16 weeks, concurrent with regular PE classes. The program primarily involved elementary PE games that included elements of athletics (e.g., skipping, push- off running, hopping, crossstepping, and jumping) and gymnastics (e.g., handstand, forward roll, backward roll, hand support jumps, squat jump on a vault box, climbing on horizontal bars, incline benches and ropes, crawling, and jumping rope). Standardized tests appropriate for this age group were used to assess PF, including the sit and reach test (SAR), the 30-meter sprint, and the alternate hand wall toss test at distances of 1.0 and 2.0 m (AHWT 1.0 and 2.0).Results: There was a significant group-time interaction for SAR test (EXP group increase: +1.6 cm, +6.3%; CON group decrease: −0.1 cm, −0.4%; p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.361), and the 30 m sprint (EXP group improvement: −0.4 s, −6.3%; CON group decrease: +0.1 s, +1.6%; p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.193). Similarly, the EXP group improved by +2.1 points (+25.6%) in the 1.0 m wall throw with the alternating hand, while the CON group showed only minimal changes (−0.2 points, −2.4%; p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.545). No significant interaction was found for the 2.0 m toss (EXP and CON group both −0.1 points, −2.6%; p = 0.888, ηp2 = 0.001). Post-hoc analyses with paired t-tests revealed that the EXP group showed significant improvements in SAR test (p < 0.001), 30 m sprint (p < 0.001) and AHWT 1.0 test (p < 0.001), while the CON group showed no significant changes in SAR test (p = 0.533), 30 m sprint (p = 0.150), AHWT 1.0 test (p = 0.186) and AHWT 2.0 test (p = 0.430).Discussion: The results of the study showed that the extracurricular program with only two additional weekly sessions significantly improved the components of PF in 8- to 9-year olds. Significant improvements were observed in the areas of flexibility, speed and coordination, as shown in the SAR test, 30-meter sprint and 1.0-meter handwall toss tests. However, no similar improvements were observed in the 2.0-meter handwall toss, which illustrates the specific areas of impact of the program.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

A 16-week school-based intervention improves physical fitness in Slovenian children: a randomized controlled trial

Petrušič,

Novak

2024

Front. Physiol.

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“…Indeed, Physical Activity (PA) behaviors in adolescence appear to determine future PA behaviors in adulthood [ 2 ]. Moreover, PA provides many benefits in adolescents: improvement of CRF, cardio-metabolic health indicators (blood pressure, fasting blood glucose…), improvement of cognitive functions and learning, and improvement of quality of life and mental health [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Yet, the finding of international epidemiological studies on PA levels is alarming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. ), improvement of cognitive functions and learning, and improvement of quality of life and mental health [3][4][5]. Yet, the finding of international epidemiological studies on PA levels is alarming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of a Physical Literacy-Based Intervention for Increasing Physical Activity Levels and Improving Health Indicators in Overweight and Obese Adolescents (CAPACITES 64)

et al. 2023

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Recently, the concept of Physical Literacy (PL) has emerged as a key concept for promoting active behavior and improving health indicators in adolescents. Overweight and obese adolescents have a low level of Physical Activity (PA), low cardiorespiratory capacity, and high Body Fat percentage (%BF). However, the development of PL in the interest of health improvement has never been studied in overweight and obese adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an intervention developing PL in overweight and obese adolescents in order to increase their (PA) and improve their health. The study was a prospective, single-arm, non-randomized interventional study. The intervention brings together different actions in PA and dietary education in different adolescent living environments. The study took place over a 9-month period with two data collection times (0; +9 months) and measured Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI z score, %BF and Skeletal Muscle Mass (%SMM), Moderate-to-Vigorous intensity Physical Activity (MVPA) by accelerometry, CRF, as well as PL by the CAPL-2 tool. Thirteen adolescents (age 11.7 (±1.09) years old) improved their PL scores (+8.3 (±9.3) pts; p ≤ 0.01). BMI z score (−0.3 (±0.3), p ≤ 0.01), their %BF (−3.8 (±4.9); p ≤ 0.01), their CRF (+1.5 (±1.7) mL·min·kg−1; p ≤ 0.01), and their MVPA (+4.6 (±13.7) min/day; p = 0.36). Initiating multidimensional interventions to develop PL in overweight and obese adolescents may be a promising prospect to enable an increase in their MVPA and improve their long-term health. Longer-term randomized controlled interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Dykstra,

Griffith,

Renfrow

et al. 2024

Curr Cardiol Rep

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School-Based Exercise Programs for Promoting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight and Obese Children Aged 6 to 10

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

A 16-week school-based intervention improves physical fitness in Slovenian children: a randomized controlled trial

A 16-week school-based intervention improves physical fitness in Slovenian children: a randomized controlled trial

The Effectiveness of a Physical Literacy-Based Intervention for Increasing Physical Activity Levels and Improving Health Indicators in Overweight and Obese Adolescents (CAPACITES 64)

Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

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