School-Based Peer Effects and Juvenile Behavior

Gaviría, Alejandro; Raphael, Steven

doi:10.1162/00346530151143798

Cited by 460 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Cigarette smoking and dropping out of school were both found to have strong peer-group effect in a sample of tenth graders, meaning that students were more likely to smoke cigarettes or drop out of school if they were with a peer group that had a higher prevalence of these behaviors. 61 We also found that adolescent cigarette smoking was related to having experienced long-term unemployment in young adulthood, even though we did not find statistically significant association for current job status. This is supported by economic research findings that smokers are associated with higher likelihood to have riskier jobs and have higher job injuries than non-smokers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Long-term Effects of Adolescent Smoking on Depression and Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood in an Urban African American Cohort

2013

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Despite known adverse causal effects of cigarette smoking on mental health, findings for the effects of adolescent cigarette smoking on later depression and socioeconomic status remain inconclusive. Previous studies have had shorter followup periods and did not have a representative portion of the African American population. Using an analytical method that matches adolescent smokers with nonsmokers on childhood and background variables, this study aims to provide evidence on the effects of adolescent regular smoking on adult depression and socioeconomic status. Our longitudinal study is from the Woodlawn Study that followed 1,242 African Americans in Chicago from 1966-1967 (at age 6-7) through 2002-2003 (at age 42-43). We used a propensity score matching method to find a regular and a non-regular adolescent smoking group with similar childhood socioeconomic and family background and first grade academic and behavioral performance. We compared the matched samples to assess the longitudinal effects of adolescent smoking on adult outcomes. Comparing the matched 199 adolescent regular smokers and 199 non-regular smokers, we found statistical support for the effects of adolescent cigarette smoking on later educational attainment (OR, 2.13; 95 % CI, 1.34, 3.39) and long-term unemployment (OR, 1.74; 95 % CI, 1.11, 2.75), but did not find support for the effects on adulthood major depressive disorders. With a community population of urban African Americans followed for 40 years, our study contributes to the understanding of the relationships between adolescent smoking and later educational attainment and employment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Long-term Effects of Adolescent Smoking on Depression and Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood in an Urban African American Cohort

2013

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“…Secondly, the effect on drinking of living in a single-parent household is examined. Previously, a number of studies have reported a positive correlation between consumption and living in a single-parent household (Norton, Lindrooth & Ennet 1998;Gaviria & Raphael 2001;Andréasson, Brant & Hansagi 2000;Sobeck et al . 2000;Hellandsjo et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirdly, the effect on adolescent drinking of having parents who are currently unemployed is examined. Krohn, Lizotte & Perez (1997) and Gaviria & Raphael (2001) found the socio-economic status of parents to be a significant predictor of adolescent drinking, while Jessor, Donovan & Costa (1991) found no effect. Finally, the effects of having received education about alcohol, narcotics and tobacco (ANT education) are examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young people and alcohol: an econometric analysis

Lundborg

2002

Addiction

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Aims To analyse the determinants of youth drinking behaviour within an economic-theoretical framework. The paper focuses especially on the effects of (a) having parents willing to supply alcohol, (b) living in a single-parent household, (c) having parents who are currently unemployed and (d) having received education about alcohol, narcotics and tobacco. Design, setting and participants A Swedish cross-sectional survey data on 833 individuals aged 12-18 years was used to analyse the effects of the above variables on participation in drinking, frequency of drinking, intensity of drinking and binge drinking. Separate analyses were conducted for beer, wine and spirits. Care was taken in using appropriate econometric methods for the questions posed (negative binomial regression, censored regression and probit regression). Findings Having parents willing to supply alcohol increased frequency ( P < 0.05) of beer, wine and spirits consumption, intensity ( P < 0.05) of wine, spirits and illicit alcohol consumption, and increased probabilities ( P < 0.10) of binge drinking and participation in drinking ( P < 0.05). No effects were seen from living in a single-parent household. Having received education about alcohol, narcotics and tobacco had a negative association only with intensity ( P < 0.10) of beer consumption. Having a father who was currently unemployed was associated with an increased ( P < 0.05) probability of binge drinking but a reduced ( P < 0.05) frequency of wine consumption. Conclusions The positive effect of having parents willing to supply alcohol could reflect that these individuals face lower acquisition costs or lower psychological costs in consumption. It could also reflect a price effect, if the individual receives the alcohol free from his or her parents.

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“…Group interaction effects have been extensively studies in relation to educational outcomes and social phenomena, such as crime, alcohol, drug use, etc. (Case and Katz, 1991;Sacerdote, 2001;Gaviria and Raphael, 2001;Kremer, 2008). As regards shirking, these kind of effects can operate among co-workers via different mechanisms mainly based on monitoring and stigma channels: in fact, both peer monitoring and stigma are lower when shirking represents a diffuse and acceptable behaviour.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different strategies have been adopted to overcome these problems: some works rely on situations in which peers are randomly assigned (for example Sacerdote, 2001;Zimmermann, 2003); other analyses use an instrumental variable approach trying to identify exogenous determinants of peer groups (Case and Katz, 1991;Gaviria and Raphael, 2001;Hanushek et al, 2003); some authors add group specific fixed effects (when more than one observation for group is available) to control for correlated unobservables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absenteeism and peer interaction effects: Evidence from an Italian Public Institute

Paola

2010

The Journal of Socio-Economics

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School-Based Peer Effects and Juvenile Behavior

Cited by 460 publications

References 17 publications

Long-term Effects of Adolescent Smoking on Depression and Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood in an Urban African American Cohort

Long-term Effects of Adolescent Smoking on Depression and Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood in an Urban African American Cohort

Young people and alcohol: an econometric analysis

Absenteeism and peer interaction effects: Evidence from an Italian Public Institute

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