School-based programme to address childhood myopia in Singapore

Karuppiah, Vijaya; Wong, Lilian; Tay, Veronica; Ge, Xiaojia; Kang, Lee Lin

doi:10.11622/smedj.2019144

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Singapore, the National Myopia Prevention Program has been reported to have reduced the prevalence of myopia among primary school students. 7 Our study indicates that lockdown, as a social policy, can alter refractive state in a partially reversible manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Comparison of Myopic Progression before, during, and after COVID-19 Lockdown

et al. 2021

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confidence: 67%

Comparison of Myopic Progression before, during, and after COVID-19 Lockdown

et al. 2021

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“…School-based interventions to increase time outdoors have been implemented across the school system in Taiwan, with evidence of initial reductions in levels of reduced visual acuity, a proxy in school-aged children for myopia. 130 Promotion of increased time outdoors is also a central part of Singapore's myopia prevention strategy, 131 and initiatives to promote time outdoors form part of mainland China's myopia prevention plan. 132,133…”

Section: Protection By Time Outdoorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

Morgan

Ostrin

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

220

160

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Risk factor analysis provides an important basis for developing interventions for any condition. In the case of myopia, evidence for a large number of risk factors has been presented, but they have not been systematically tested for confounding. To be useful for designing preventive interventions, risk factor analysis ideally needs to be carried through to demonstration of a causal connection, with a defined mechanism. Statistical analysis is often complicated by covariation of variables, and demonstration of a causal relationship between a factor and myopia using Mendelian randomization or in a randomized clinical trial should be aimed for. When strict analysis of this kind is applied, associations between various measures of educational pressure and myopia are consistently observed. However, associations between more nearwork and more myopia are generally weak and inconsistent, but have been supported by meta-analysis. Associations between time outdoors and less myopia are stronger and more consistently observed, including by meta-analysis. Measurement of nearwork and time outdoors has traditionally been performed with questionnaires, but is increasingly being pursued with wearable objective devices. A causal link between increased years of education and more myopia has been confirmed by Mendelian randomization, whereas the protective effect of increased time outdoors from the development of myopia has been confirmed in randomized clinical trials. Other proposed risk factors need to be tested to see if they modulate these variables. The evidence linking increased screen time to myopia is weak and inconsistent, although limitations on screen time are increasingly under consideration as interventions to control the epidemic of myopia.

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“…Karuppiah's research (2019) conducted on the subject of school students also showed the same thing. Students who use computers for 4-6 hours per day have a significantly higher risk of experiencing complaints of burning in the eyes, red eyes, and dry eyes compared to those who use computers for less than 4 hours (Dessie et al, 2018;Karuppiah et al, 2019;Permana;.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indifference to CVS results in delays and promptness in early treatment. The impact that can occur when this syndrome is not overcome is obstacles in daily activities, decreased work productivity, increased error rates in carrying out work, and ultimately can reduce service satisfaction (Al Tawil et al, 2020;Karuppiah et al, 2019;Shrestha et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for the Incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) in Lecturers During the Online Learning Period

Rochmayani

Cahyaningsih²

2021

JHealthEdu

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Background: The online learning process during the Covid 19 pandemic has increased the incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). The results of the study showed that there were 15% of lecturers at Widya Husada University Semarang experienced CVS. The purpose of the study was to analyze CVS risk factors among lecturers during the online learning period.Methods: The study was conducted using a case-control design. The research sample was lecturers at Widya Husada University as many as 60 people consisting of 30 people each in the case and control groups. A questionnaire with google forms was used for data collection. The data analysis used was univariate, chi-square for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis.Results: There are 5 variables that are significantly proven as risk factors for CVS, namely: 1) long working with computers (OR = 18.693; 95% CI = 1.487 – 234.955); 2) duration of computer use continuously (OR = 54,281; 95% CI = 2,523 – 1167,92); 3) length of rest after using the computer (OR = 31.060; 95% CI = 1.884 – 512.062); 4) distance from eyesight to monitor (OR = 34.640; 95% CI = 2.263 – 530.240); and 5) the position of the top of the monitor with respect to the horizontal eye level (OR = 17.555; 95% CI = 1.778 -173.296). Lecturers who have these 5 risk factors together will have a probability of experiencing CVS by 83%. Conclusion: Exposure to computer monitors experienced by lecturers during online learning will increase the risk of CVS events. There needs to be an effort to modify risk factors so that CVS events among lecturers during online learning can be prevented.

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School-based programme to address childhood myopia in Singapore

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Comparison of Myopic Progression before, during, and after COVID-19 Lockdown

Comparison of Myopic Progression before, during, and after COVID-19 Lockdown

IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

Risk Factors for the Incidence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) in Lecturers During the Online Learning Period

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