School beverage environment and children's energy expenditure associated with physical education class: an agent‐based model simulation

Abstract

Sugar-sweetened beverage vending machines in school may offset some of the EE in PE classes. This could be avoided if water is the only readily available source for children's fluid replacement after class.

Associations between muscle mass, physical activity and dietary behaviour in adolescents

“…The selection of sugarsweetened, flavoured and marketed sports drinks over healthier beverages may attenuate the beneficial effect of physical activity as shown in our study. In line with our results, a simulation study by Chen et al also showed that sugar-sweetened beverage vending machines in schools may offset some of the benefits of increased energy expenditure in physical education classes (39). This study simulated the behaviour of 13-year-old children in a physical education class with nearby water fountains and found that adding sugar-sweetened beverage vending machines could offset physical education energy expenditure by as much as 90 kcal per child.…”

A systematic review of system dynamics and agent‐based obesity models: Evaluating obesity as part of the global syndemic

“…Agent‐based models more often used a time horizon of 5 years or less (median 3 years), while time horizons used in the system dynamics models were more variable (median 25 years), eg, four models used 5 years or less, two models used 15 to 20 years, and three models used 45 to 50 years. The model with the smallest time horizon of 30 to 60 minutes examined behavior of children in the confines of a physical education class. The model that was run for 2.5 generations examined effects of school quality policies and built environment on disparities in body mass index (BMI) between US Black and White populations …”

“…Several models (n = 7) also included interactions between individuals and their immediate food and physical activity environments , all using agent‐based modeling.…”

“…Focusing on the food environment, two studies modeled the relationship of children's food environments with sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and obesity. One model simulated eight graders' decisions about beverage type in a school following physical education class and tested the impact of different configurations of the environment (ie, number of water fountains or vending machines, SSB price) and other factors on their energy balance and dehydration. The Virtual Population for Obesity Prevention model used a geospatial grid of food and beverage locations associated with differing probabilities of eating and SBB consumption as an environment for Baltimore, San Francisco, and Philadelphia youth of 11 to 18 years.…”

Like me, like you – relative importance of peers and siblings on children’s fast food consumption and screen time but not sports club participation depends on age

“…To a large extent, younger children depend on the accessibility of foods at home and screen time is generally a home activity that is bound by family rules [33]. With increasing age, children spend more unsupervised time with their friends [9] and they often receive pocket money that is frequently spent on soft drinks and fast food [34,35] outside the home environment [36]. Family members are more alike in the intake of healthy In model 1e the age difference between the sibling is ≤2.7 years.…”