School bus emissions, student health and academic performance

Austin, Wes; Heutel, Garth; Kreisman, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.03.002

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We establish the robustness of our results through a battery of robustness checks. Our main results are not altered by alternate estimators, alternate specifications, area around 1 For studies on developed countries, see Anderson (2019), Austin et al (2019), Beatty & Shimshack (2011), Chay & Greenstone (2003, Currie & Neidell (2005), Currie et al (2009), Currie & Walker (2011), Currie et al (2011), Deryugina et al (2019), Jans et al (2018), Moretti & Neidell (2011), Neidell (2004), Schlenker &Walker (2015), andWard (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Up in the Air: Air Pollution and Crime – Evidence from India

Singh¹,

Visaria²

2021

Preprint

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Recent work from developed parts of the world has documented a positive association between air pollution and criminal activity. We use high-frequency complaints and air pollution data to estimate air pollution’s causal effects on crime in a developing country. In order to establish causality, we exploit plausibly exogenous local variation in wind direction in an instrumental variable setup. We find that a lower number of complaints are received on the days of high air pollution levels. This effect is more pronounced for property crimes than for violent crimes. Our results are robust to a host of robustness checks and falsification checks. Exploring the potential mechanisms, we find that the decline in criminal activity might result from increased costs of indulging in criminal activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Up in the Air: Air Pollution and Crime – Evidence from India

Singh¹,

Visaria²

2021

Preprint

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“…Schraufnagel, also the director of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies, points to one easy target: idling diesel-powered school buses. A 2019 study out of Georgia in the United States found that districts that retrofitted school buses to reduce diesel emissions reported significant increases in students' English test scores as well as smaller improvements in math (4).…”

Section: A Global Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

How air pollution threatens brain health

Peeples¹

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The buzz of a leaf blower and its gaseous fumes fill the air outside a lab facility at the University of Washington in Seattle. Inside the building, neurotoxicologist Lucio Costa is investigating how polluted air-such as garden tool exhaust-could be bad for the brain. Next to the building sits a 5,500-watt diesel generator, enclosed in a metal box. Pipes carry the diesel exhaust-the same stuff emitted by diesel engines in vehicles and heavy equipment-into the facility, across an exposed ceiling and into a room where plastic cages of mice are stacked high against the wall. Tubes filter the diesel exhaust through the cages, Costa explains, in an effort to mimic the contaminated air you might breathe while sitting in traffic or living near a busy road. After spending most of his career studying mercury, pesticides, and flame retardants, Costa knows well that many toxins in the environment can hurt the brain. But only in the last several years has the possibility of air pollution as a culprit crossed his mind. A growing body of literature on the topic inspired him to begin research in this diesel lab. "For a long time, I thought that air pollution was affecting mostly the lungs and the cardiovascular system and not the brain," says Costa. "So I stayed away from any issue related to air pollution." Now, mounting evidence seems to link a variety of neurological problems to dirty air. Troubling recent findings include hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease Although stay-at-home orders have provided some respite from major pollution in cities such as Delhi, India, overall pollution increases may be causing not only cardiovascular problems but cognitive decline. Image credit: Shutterstock/ Saurav022.

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“…This time-invariant variable does not drop out of the first-difference specification. This is a feature of all human capital production functions, but is often ignored in empirical applications, particularly in health but also in other analyses (e.g., Dee 2007;French et al 2010;Ozkan and Henderson 2011;Meraya et al 2018;Austin et al 2019). The parameter estimate from the first-difference model measures the effect of education on health at age t+1.…”

Section: Measuring the Effect Of Education On Health Over The Lifecyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Education and Health Over the Life Cycle

Kaestner¹,

Schiman²,

Ward³

2020

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Cuiping Schiman was supported during this project by a NHLBI grant (R01-60036640) awarded to Dr. Norrina Allen. Sponsors did not participate in the design or conduct of the study, or in the collection, analyses, and interpretation of the data, or in the preparation and review of the manuscript. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.At least one co-author has disclosed a financial relationship of potential relevance for this research. Further information is available online at http://www.nber.org/papers/w26836.ack NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

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School bus emissions, student health and academic performance

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

Up in the Air: Air Pollution and Crime – Evidence from India

Up in the Air: Air Pollution and Crime – Evidence from India

How air pollution threatens brain health

Education and Health Over the Life Cycle

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