School entry, afternoon care, and mothers’ labour supply

Abstract

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The Effects of After-School Programs on Maternal Employment

“…At first glance this outcome seems to contradict Gambaro et al (2016) since they find positive effects on the employment probability and on hours worked.…”

“…An upward bias in cases like this is not ruled out by Oster bounds or the robustness check on a specific case of reverse causality thatGambaro et al (2016) present.23Nemitz (2015) additionally presents a large positive 2SLS estimate obtained with the SOEP data as some additional evidence for the positive effect. But, as she acknowledges, this estimate suffers from huge standard errors.…”

“…Several recent discussion papers also focus on this reform, but they rely on more restrictive identification assumptions, draw exclusively on SOEP data and find different results than our analysis. Gambaro et al (2016) focus on mothers of first-graders and control for a large set of observables including maternal employment status before school entry. They find a strong effect (11.4 p.p.)…”

Should Mama or Papa Work? Variations in Attitudes towards Parental Employment by Country of Origin and Child Age

“…Still, in contrast to their slightly older peers, the majority of two-year-olds in West Germany do not attend, while the majority in East Germany do (Autor:innengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung 2020). Furthermore, the distinction between younger and older children also reveals that attitudes toward employment remain highly gendered well after children enter school, in line with the high care needs of children in elementary school age (e.g., Gambaro et al 2019).…”

Universal Full-Day Kindergarten and Maternal Labor Supply: A Life-Cycle Analysis

“…Gelbach 2002, Casico 2009. The timing of full-day kindergarten should have a larger impact on maternal employment than half-day kindergarten because full-day kindergarten aligns more closely with working hours (Ruppanner, Moller & Sayer 2019, Gambaro, Marcus & Peter, 2019. Moreover, half-day kindergarten leaves a large need for childcare as families must coordinate either parental or paid childcare for a larger portion of the day.…”