School Entry Plays an Insignificant Role in Attention Performance,                     Impulse Control, and Motor Activity of Same-Aged Children from Preschool and                     Elementary School

Kirschenkern, Annika; Hoberg, Kathrin; Günther, Thomas

doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000844

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Commission error showed a low effect size in the study probably because this measure has lower sensitivity for adults with ADHD compared to children. In earlier studies, higher rates of Commission Error were found in children compared to adolescents and adults [ 36 , 40 , 42 ]. Pettersson et al, found that only the cardinal parameters QbActivity and QbInattention were significant predictors of clinical diagnosis in adult ADHD [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of one single-dose methylphenidate compared to one single-dose placebo on QbTest performance in adults with untreated ADHD: a randomized controlled trial

Jansson,

Löhman,

Östlund

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) primary involves methylphenidate (MPH). Earlier studies have identified placebo responders to increase toward the end of the treatment periods. However, little is known about the immediate effects of placebo on the core symptoms of ADHD in adults. The present study aimed to examine the effects of one single-dose MPH compared to one single-dose placebo during clinical assessments with continuous performance tests (CPT). Methods In a randomized study with cross-over design, 40 adults between 19 and 64 years (72.5% women) with untreated ADHD were consecutively enrolled. The study comprised two trial days with four days in between. The QbTest was performed twice on the same day, before and 80 min after intake of one single-dose 20 mg immediate release methylphenidate (IR-MPH) and with one single-dose placebo, in randomized order. Results Performance improved in QbInattention, F (3, 117) = 38.25, p < 0.001, after given IR-MPH (mean diff = 1.14) and after placebo (mean diff = 0.60) with the effect sizes 1.17 and 0.63 respectively. IR-MPH improved performance in QbActivity (mean diff = 0.81, p < 0.001) and QbImpulsivity (mean diff = 0.46, p < 0.04). The proportion of improvements (a decrease by ≥ 0.5 Qb-score) in the parameters QbInattention, QbActivity and QbImpulsivity were 90%, 60% and 52.5%, respectively. After given placebo, corresponding proportions were 60%, 30% and 35%, respectively. Conclusions There seems to be an immediate placebo response in the core symptom inattention. The effect of placebo cannot be ruled out and must be taken in consideration during drug trials with continuous performance tests (CPTs). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT02473185.

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