School food and nutrition policy, monitoring and evaluation in the USA

Hirschman, Jay; Chriqui, Jamie F.

doi:10.1017/s1368980012004144

Cited by 58 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Federal and local policy changes have led to the expansion of free school breakfast programs and reduced access to energy-dense, nutrient-poor competitive foods and drinks on school grounds. 50 Both school districts enrolled in this study adopted wellness policies in 2006 addressing the nutritional quality of food and drinks offered outside the school meal program. Despite the encouraging nature of observed improvements in eating behavior, the results also provided evidence of disparities according to sex, school level, ethnicity/race, and SES that suggest additional, targeted efforts may be needed to promote further improvements and the achievement of health equity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular Trends in Meal and Snack Patterns among Adolescents from 1999 to 2010

Larson¹,

Story²,

Eisenberg³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Background Linkages between snack patterns, diet, and obesity in adolescents likely depend on the consumption of main meals, how often snacks are prepared away from home, and whether energy-dense, nutrient-poor snack foods and sugary drinks are frequently consumed. Nutritional interventions need to be informed by an understanding of how secular changes in the contribution of snacks to dietary intake may be related to changes in meal frequency as well as how these trends differ by sociodemographics. Objectives To examine secular trends from 1999 to 2010 in meal and snack patterns among adolescents. Design A repeated cross-sectional design was used. Participants/setting Participants from Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN secondary schools completed classroom-administered surveys and food frequency questionnaires in 1999 (n=2,598) and 2010 (n=2,540). Main outcome measures Weekly meal frequencies; number of snacks consumed on school and vacation/weekend days; frequent consumption of snacks prepared away from home (≥3 times/week); and daily servings of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food/drinks that are commonly consumed at snack occasions. Statistical analyses performed Trends from 1999 to 2010 were examined using inverse probability weighting to control for differences in sociodemographic characteristics in the two samples. Results Mean frequencies of breakfast and lunch increased modestly in the overall population (both P<0.001), and there were decreases in the number of snacks consumed on schools days (P<0.001) and vacation/weekend days (P=0.003). Although there was no change in the proportion of adolescents who reported frequent consumption of snacks prepared away from home, there was a secular decrease in energy-dense, nutrient-poor food/drink consumption (P<0.001). Sociodemographic differences in the identified trends were evident. Conclusions The observed pattern of sociodemographic differences in meal and snack trends among adolescents suggests the need for targeted efforts to ensure public health messages reach low-income and ethnic/racial minority population subgroups most vulnerable to poor nutrition and the development of obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular Trends in Meal and Snack Patterns among Adolescents from 1999 to 2010

Larson¹,

Story²,

Eisenberg³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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“…As global childhood obesity rates have increased dramatically over recent decades, 1 the implementation of nutrition guidelines and policies in community settings such as schools has been a priority of governments internationally. [2][3][4] In Australia, states and territories have introduced healthy canteen policies to reduce the relative availability of unhealthy foods in schools for over a decade, most of which are based on a traffic light system. 5 However, like other jurisdictions internationally, [6][7][8] such policies are poorly implemented, 5 reducing their potential public health impact.…”

Section: Backg Rou N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to implementation of a healthy canteen policy: A survey using the theoretical domains framework

Reilly

Nathan

Grady

et al. 2018

Health Prom J of Aust

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Issue addressed Improving implementation of school healthy canteen policies requires a comprehensive understanding of implementation barriers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess a range of barriers, as reported by canteen managers, using a quantitative survey instrument developed based on a theoretical framework. Methods A cross sectional survey of primary school canteen managers from the Hunter New England region of New South Wales was conducted of eligible schools in the study region identified as having an operational canteen. Survey items assessed canteen manager employment status, canteen characteristics and potential barriers to healthy canteen policy implementation, aligned to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework via a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The mean domain scores of canteen managers were calculated, less than four indicating the canteen manager considered the domain was a barrier. Canteen managers were also asked to provide the current canteen menu for audit by a dietitian. Results Of the 184 participants, 20% (n = 36) were assessed as having menus compliant with the state policy. The five most common domains identified as potential barriers to policy implementation were behavioural regulation (n = 117, 65%), skills (n = 105, 57%), beliefs about capabilities (n = 100, 55%), reinforcement (n = 95, 52%) and goals (n = 95, 52%). Canteen managers who reported optimism as a barrier had significantly lower odds of having a menu compliant with the state policy (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.16‐0.95, P = 0.038). Conclusions This study provides further evidence of perceived and actual barriers that canteen managers face when attempting to implement a healthy canteen policy, and highlights the need to address differences in canteen characteristics when planning implementation support. So what? For public health benefits of nutrition policies within schools to be realised, the barriers to implementation need to be identified and used to help guide implementation support strategies.

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“…8,9 Thus, to date, most school food-related policies have been at the state and/or district levels and have focused on restricting access to unhealthy competitive foods and beverages. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] District policies have largely resulted from a federal mandate that requires school districts participating in federal child nutrition programs to adopt and implement a wellness policy that included nutrition guidelines for competitive foods by the first day of the 2006-2007 school year. 9,19 Although almost all districts have a wellness policy, they are weak; for school year 2009-2010 only 21% and 35% of all districts nationwide imposed specific and required limits on the amounts of fats and sugars in competitive foods, respectively, and only 14% and 9% of districts prohibited SSBs and high-fat milks, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%