School Physical Education

Long-Term Effects of a Physical Education Curriculum and Staff Development Program: SPARK

“…Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http:// www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions P hysical education (PE) is mandated in most states (National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 1994;Pate et al, 1995) and nearly all elementary school children are required to participate in some form ofPE instruction. Improving the quantity and quality of physical education is a goal of both professional organizations (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 1994) and public health officials (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996).…”

“…quently and by more qualified instructors (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 1990Dance, , 1994Pate et al, 1995), students need to spend more class time being physically active (Sallis & McKenzie, 1991;U.S. Public Health Service, 1991), and more programs should promote lifetime physical activity (Pate & Hohn, 1994).…”

Physical Education and Physical Activity: Results From the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006

“…27 In the 2001 and 2006 Shape of the Nation Surveys, existing physical education practices were also described for each state. The School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) was previously conducted in 1994 28 and 2000. 29 In 1994, SHPPS measured physical education and physical activity policies in kindergarten through grade 12 at the state and district levels and related practices in middle and high schools at the school and classroom levels.…”

Risk Reduction: Recontexualizing Health As a Physical Education Curriculum

“…Although the notion of health-related fi tness has been part of physical education since the 1980s (see Almond, 1983) the training of most physical education teachers has continued to be heavily infl uenced by performance discourses such as those found in fi tness training. Recently however, an emphasis on health-related fi tness (Pate, Small, Ross & Young, 1995) is being taught in some teacher training programs through courses with titles such as "Physical activity and health" or "Health-related Physical Activity." Throughout this evolution, physiology, fi tness, and measurement has aligned itself more closely with "epidemiological and biomedical research to legitimate its research agenda [and] its presence in the curriculum and pedagogical practices" (Gard & Wright, 2001).…”