School Sanitation-Related Psychosocial Stressors among Nigerian Students

Wada, Ojima Z.; Amusa, Aminat Opeyemi; Asaolu, Fiyinfoluwa Taiwo; Akinyemi, David Olatunde; Oloruntoba, Elizabeth O.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0686

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar trends of inadequate/ unavailable school WASH facilities in other geo-political zones have been reported by Ejimogu et al [32] in Owerri, South-East Nigeria; CODE [33] in Kaduna, Northwestern Nigeria; Yusuf et al [34], in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria; and Sanni et al [35] Gwagwalada, North Central Nigeria. Moreover, the trend of school WASH disparities between public and private schools in this study has also been reported by several other studies in Nigeria [16,21,35,36]. This is mainly because parents of private school students typically have higher educational status and income levels.…”

Section: Availability Of School Wash Facilitiessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In addition, a recent survey has also suggested the possibility of school WASH inequalities and socio-economic disparities between government-owned (public) schools and private schools translating into MHM inequalities among in-school girls. The study revealed that girls attending public schools were 4.5 times more likely to be absent due to their inability to practice healthy MHM at school [21]. This string of social and economic inequalities potentially drives deeper, translating into other human rights issues like MHM inequalities, further impairing global efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 10 of significantly reducing inequalities by 2030.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Menstrual hygiene management inequalities among school girls in Badagry, Nigeria

Uwadia

Oloruntoba

Wada

et al. 2022

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives The study assessed menstrual hygiene management (MHM) inequalities among public and private in‐school adolescents in Badagry, southwest Nigeria. Also assessed was the impact of available water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities on MHM within the school premises. Methods For this descriptive cross‐sectional study, 420 students were selected via multi‐stage sampling and data were obtained via a validated semi‐structured questionnaire and observational checklist. Data were analysed at 95% confidence limit. Results The students had a mean age of 15.3 ± 1.6 years. All the private schools had functioning WASH facilities whereas only 50% of public schools did. The toilet to student ratios for the private and public schools were 1:155 and 1:296, respectively. Over two‐thirds (67.1%) of the students reportedly use sanitary napkins for MHM, followed by tissue (17.1%) and clothes (15.5%). Additionally, the private school students were two times less likely to use alternatives to sanitary napkins and 9.8 times more likely to obtain sanitary materials at school if required (p < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of public‐school menstruating in‐school adolescents changed their sanitary towels in the bush (p = 0.003) due to lack of privacy and took their used sanitary materials home (p < 0.001) for management due to reduced access to sanitary bins. Conclusion Even though the situation in the public schools was worse, both public and private schools lack the enabling environment for MHM. School health promotion interventions, such as provision of subsidised/affordable menstrual pads and basic WASH facilities and campaigns to break the culture of silence are required for the wellbeing of girls.

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Section: Availability Of School Wash Facilitiessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual hygiene management inequalities among school girls in Badagry, Nigeria

Uwadia

Oloruntoba

Wada

et al. 2022

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Existing studies have shown that school systems do not promote LUT health, and teachers and school nurses need improved education regarding LUTD and first‐line treatment options 7–22 . Ko et al surveyed elementary school teachers about their understanding of LUT health, activities that promote LUT health, and classroom rules around toileting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies have shown that school systems do not promote LUT health, and teachers and school nurses need improved education regarding LUTD and first-line treatment options. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Ko et al surveyed elementary school teachers about their understanding of LUT health, activities that promote LUT health, and classroom rules around toileting. The overwhelming majority of respondent teachers (82%) never had any professional development regarding bathroom regulations, had toileting rules that did not promote LUT health (76%), and encouraged students to hold their urine (88%).…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,19 Lack of basic hygiene, including unclean accommodations, a lack of toilet seats, toilet paper, paper towels, and hand soap have been reported in multiple studies as well which leads to further avoidance of toileting at school. 8,10,11,13,16,[19][20][21] These studies were conducted worldwide which shows that despite school T A B L E 4 PSS 4 scores stratified.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental perception of paediatric lower urinary tract dysfunction during the COVID‐19 shutdown

Leroy,

Hutchison,

Kern

2023

Int J of Uro Nursing

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We aimed to investigate how staying at home and stress from the pandemic shutdown impacts lower urinary tract symptoms in paediatric patients. The COVID‐19 pandemic shut down most of the world in March 2020. In the state of Virginia, a mandatory Stay‐at‐Home order was issued requiring students to participate in school from home. Paediatric patients often have difficulty complying with standard urotherapy while at school, with timed voiding being particularly hard to maintain. To our knowledge, only one other study investigated lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in children during the COVID‐19 shutdown. This study compared lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in paediatric patients seen in their bladder dysfunction clinic for their initial 6 months of treatment during the shutdown to patients treated before the shutdown. Of the studies available that examine how the school environment effects lower urinary tract symptoms, all show a lack of education among teachers and school nurses, classroom rules that oppose adherence to standard urotherapy, and facilities that are often inadequate and unhygienic. Stress is known to have a bidirectional effect on LUTD, so we also investigated the effect of parental stress from the shutdown on LUTD. Parents of patients followed in our bladder dysfunction clinic were given a survey to evaluate the use of a timed voiding regimen, improvement in LUTS and perceived parental stress during the COVID shut down of 2020. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho) was calculated to measure the correlation of the survey responses. We received 42 responses from 202 surveys administered (20.8%). Only 21.4% of respondents maintained timed voiding while at home, despite 78.6% indicating improved bathroom access. A small number (4.8%) indicated total resolution of voiding symptoms. Half of the respondents (50%) indicated some degree of improvement in LUTS, though almost the entire remaining population saw no change in their symptoms (42.9%). Only a very small number indicated slightly worse LUTS (7.1%) and none indicated that symptoms were much worse. There was no correlation between dysfunctional voiding scoring system (DVSS) scores and improvement in bathroom access. There was a moderate correlation between perceived parental stress and their child's DVSS score, Rho = 0.54 p = 0.0002. Additionally, DVSS scores were weakly, negatively correlated with improvement in LUTS, Rho = −0.3 p = 0.047. Despite the majority of parents perceiving increased access to bathrooms during the Stay‐at‐Home order, a minority of patients were maintained on timed voiding regimens while at home. About half of parents still indicated some degree of improvement in their child's LUTS. There was a correlation between parental stress and their child's dysfunctional voiding score. This survey highlights that the relationship between timed voiding, bathroom access, and severity of LUTS is complex and compliance with timed voiding remains a challenge to adhere to.

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Personal hygiene, environmental conditions, and toilet use of children in primary schools: A cohort study

Shkalim Zemer,

Cohen,

Richenberg

et al. 2023

Journal of Pediatric Urology

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School Sanitation-Related Psychosocial Stressors among Nigerian Students

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Menstrual hygiene management inequalities among school girls in Badagry, Nigeria

Menstrual hygiene management inequalities among school girls in Badagry, Nigeria

Parental perception of paediatric lower urinary tract dysfunction during the COVID‐19 shutdown

Personal hygiene, environmental conditions, and toilet use of children in primary schools: A cohort study

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