This paper provides an introduction to issues surrounding the participation rights of young people in research and the implications of their growing involvement in research as well as providing a discourse on the ethical implications related to consent. The unique contribution of this paper is that it considers children's rights in respect to the increasing opportunities for young people to take part in evaluation research. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to acknowledge the growing involvement for young people in research and the implications of ensuring that their rights of participation are respected. Secondly we will consider the children's rights legislation and our obligations as researchers to implement this. Finally we will explore consent as an issue in its own right as well as the practicalities of accessing participants. This paper will postulate that any research about young people should involve and prioritise at all stages of the research process; including participation in decision-making.We conclude by identifying five key principles, which we believe can help to facilitate the fulfilment of post-primary pupils' ability to consent to participate in trials and evaluative research. evaluative research has brought with it increased opportunities for children and young people to be involved in research that will shape their future and that of their peers (Bourke and Loveridge 2014), through, for example, trials in socio-emotional learning, sex education, 2 literacy, numeracy, and physical activity. A systematic review conducted on the occurrence of trials in education since the 1980s has found a huge increase in published trials in the past ten years with around 100 educational trials published each year (Connolly 2015). Whilst the majority of these trials were conducted in North America, around 30% were based in Europe (Connolly 2015). School-based trials are accompanied by a range of general and specific ethical issues such as confidentiality, sampling, data storage, secondary data analysis and consent. These can take on added significance when children and young people are involved.
IntroductionChildren and young people are, in legal terms, viewed as 'minors' who are 'vulnerable' and in need of safeguarding (Bos et al., 2013). In contrast to most research with adults, research with children and young people can be subject to multiple and hierarchical layers of consent in the form of school-based institutional gatekeepers and parental/guardian permissions (Gallagher et al., 2010). The extent to which children and young people can genuinely express willingness to take part and/or have the freedom to refuse to take part in evaluative research can thus risk becoming blurred.