Schulsanierung

Abstract

The modernisation of school buildings is an urgent task for the future because the condition of the approx. 40,000 German schools is in many cases no longer appropriate with regards to their layout, the quality of the built fabric, the interior climate, and furniture and equipment. No generally applicable blueprint is available; many upgrade measures can be employed which can be very successful in achieving an improvement in e.g. energy efficiency, classroom air quality, acoustic conditions and audibility, layout, circulation and communication spaces. When carrying out modernisation works, the capital cost of the works has to be considered together with future operating costs. When carrying out cost calculations for modernisation projects, the "cost-potential curve' method has proven useful. This method shows the investor to what degree investments are viable given certain future scenarios

Classroom ventilation with manual opening of windows: Findings from a two-year-long experimental study of a Portuguese secondary school

“…Indeed, since European countries invest mostly in the retrofitting of existing naturally ventilated schools (Gertis and Sedlbauer, 2010;Mumovic et al, 2009), school staff will inevitably compare natural ventilation with alternative hybrid or mechanical ventilated solutions. Moreover, because 60 staff is aware of the benefits and accustomed to natural ventilation, an important research questionuseful to designers and school administrators-is to know when the traditional natural ventilation with manual opening of windows is appropriate and when it is not.…”

Empirical thermal comfort evaluation of single and double skin façades

“…The author even admits that he was looking for information on the ''wall of silence'' and laments the lack of meaningful data about the operation of those buildings. The article was a typical debate about innovative buildings in which numerous ''experiences,'' ''opinions'' and cited data could be found; exactly what Gertis [5] had previously criticized. At this point, the research project ''TwinSkindouble skin façades under test'' [9] starts, determining scientifically reliable data from DSF and validating concepts.…”

“…Simultaneously there were several criticisms arguing that so-called solar office buildings were neither energy efficient nor comfortable in relation to buildings with a smaller window to wall ratio. Gertis [5] summarized this discussion with a special focus on DSF already in 1999 and postulated ''that instead of a great number of descriptive reports'' the need of ''measurements under real conditions'' exists. This requirement came only after the comprehensive investigations of Mu ¨ller [6] (four office buildings) and Fisch [7] (one façade).…”

Reconciling Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency in Air-Conditioned Classrooms: Case Studies for Portugal and Macao

“…1 and represents a typical 25-30 students classroom. With approximately 50 m 2 floor surface, has comfortable headroom, generous window area facing south 2 and a depth (6 m) that does not exceed three times the height of the windows. Access to the classroom is made through a door to a north facing daylighted corridor that is also used to access contiguous classrooms (to the east and west).…”

“…According to Mumovic [1], UK's government is commited to a £45 billion program dedicated to the rebuilding of secondary schools in England and Wales. Gertis [2] states that during the current decade, Germany will invest €73 billion in the rebuilding and refurbishing of public school buildings. The Portuguese government has also invested in the rebuilding of over 100 existing secondary schools [3] and a trend that favors cyclic rebuilding instead of new construction is foreseeable in Europe, in the future.…”