Schwangerschaft und Sport

Abstract

ZusammenfassungKörperlich aktiv zu sein während der Schwangerschaft führt noch immer zu Verunsicherung und zu Fragen: Wie viel und welchen Sport soll eine Schwangere ausüben, welche Folgen entstehen für Mutter und Kind? Während der Schwangerschaft führen erhebliche physiologische Veränderun gen in der Hämodynamik, im Respirationstrakt, im muskuloskelettalen System, im Glukosestoff wechsel und im weiteren Endokrinium sowie in der Psyche zu tief greifenden Veränderungen, die sich mannigfaltig auf die Fitness und die sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit auswirken. Unter Berück sichtigung allgemeiner Trainingshinweise, Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Kontraindikationen ist ein Training entsprechend dem Fitnessgrad der Mutter zum Erhalt physischer und psychischer Fit ness möglich und wünschenswert. Viele Sportarten (Joggen, Nordic Walking, Schwimmen, Rad fahren u. a.) können in einer Schwangerschaft ohne Risiko betrieben werden. Die Auflockerung des Bindegewebes und die konsekutiven Bandinstabilitäten müssen sorgfältig bezüglich der aero ben Belastbarkeit berücksichtigt werden. Die Verletzungsgefahren bestehen bei fortgeschrittener Schwangerschaft in einer direkten Traumatisierung des Feten. Durch regelmäßige körperliche Ak tivität wird ein gesünderer Lebensstil gepflegt, weiter wird schwangerschaftsbedingten Erkrankun gen und deren Folgen vorgebeugt. AbstractBeing physically active during pregnancy often leads to uncertainty and questions: how much and which kinds of sport are possible? Changes in fitness and physical performance in pregnant women arise due to many physiological changes in hemodynamics, the respiratory system, the musculo skeletal system, glucose metabolism, endocrinological feedback and also in the psyche. Consid ering general recommendations for training, careful measures and contraindications, moderate or even vigorous training is possible depending on the individual mother's fitness and desirable to maintain physical and emotional fitness. Many kinds of sport such as jogging, nordic walking, swimming and cycling can be carried on during pregnancy without risk and promote the health of both mother and child. However, the mother's increasing weight and the resultant instability of ligaments must be kept carefully in mind to create a moderate aerobic workload. The danger of injury is present in later pregnancy and may lead to fetal trauma. For the pregnant woman a seri ous injury also includes the risks involved in the diagnostics and therapy. Regular physical activity means paying regular attention to a healthy lifestyle. This prevents diabetes, obesity, hypertension, thromboembolic deseases and their consequences in the mother's life but also the child's wellbeing.

The effect of a maternity support belt on static stability and posture in pregnant and non-pregnant women

“…While pregnancy is assumed to afect the properties of the peripheral ligaments, in several textbooks, journal articles, and pregnancy guidelines (Danning, 2013;Nordin and Frankel, 2001;Martin et al, 2015;Blott, 2010;Klausmann, 2002;Engels et al, 2009;Korsten-Reck et al, 2009) it is stated that hormonal changes during pregnancy similarly afect the tendon tissue. However, scientifc evidence of this efect is insufcient as only one animal study (Rundgren, 1974) actually investigated pregnancy-associated alterations in the composition and the mechanical properties of tendons.…”

“…While increased hormone levels of relaxin (hRLX) during pregnancy have been found to increase the laxity of the pelvic ligaments in order to facilitate childbirth (Ritchie, 2003;Borg-Stein et al, 2005;Perezgrovas and Anderson, 1982;Musah et al, 1986), there is so far no scientifc evidence that the mechanical properties of peripheral ligaments and tendons actually change during pregnancy. Furthermore, in the German Journal of Sports Medicine (Korsten-Reck et al, 2009) studies that never investigated the efect of pregnancy on peripheral ligament or tendon properties are cited as references for the pregnancy-related efect on ligaments and tendons (Artal and O'Toole, 2003;Hartmann and Bung, 1999).…”

Physical Exercise During Pregnancy – How Active Are Pregnant Women in Germany and How Well Informed?

“…Although current data do not provide any solid evidence of possible threats to pregnancy from moderate physical exercise women should be informed about warning signs that should prompt either reduction or discontinuation of exercise, and should know when medical investigation is recommended/indicated. The ACOG recommends discontinuing exercise when respiratory distress or increasing shortness of breath are experienced and in the presence of dizziness/fainting, calf pain and muscle weakness, chest pain and headache, vaginal bleeding, preterm labour, rupture of membranes or reduced fetal movement [22,23].…”

Parachuting and Pregnancy

“…Modern parachutes (Ram air wing parachutes) work similar to paragliders, converting the vertical speed into a forward momentum, thus resulting in nearly no vertical drop for the landing but creating a forward movement of 20 to over 130 km/h. 48 Professional bodies (RCOG 54 , DGGG 55 , ACOG 56 ) encourage continuing sports at a moderate level but "Women are cautioned about the potential for loss of balance and fetal trauma.," 54 or should consider the risks and benefits very carefully, 55 or "Those activities with a high risk of falling or for abdominal trauma should be avoided during pregnancy." 43 The horizontal and vertical landing speed can be controlled by steering the parachute.…”