Science and technology breakthroughs to advance artificial cultivation of true morels

Liu, Qi Zheng; Dong, Cai Hong

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259144

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…This not only hinders the development of M. esculenta cultivation but also causes massive losses to farmers and agricultural companies ( Yu et al, 2022 ). However, thus far, research on the cultivation of Morchella is mostly limited to the identification of pathogens, and methods of preventing and controlling diseases have rarely been studied or applied ( Xu et al, 2022 ; Liu and Dong, 2023 ). Although the use of chemical control of disease has been studied for other edible fungi, the use of antibiotics is accompanied by increase risks of soil and water pollution, threats to food safety, damage to human health, and the development of antibiotic resistance in plant pathogens ( Sánchez, 2004 ; Grogan, 2006 ; El-Baky and Amara, 2021 ; Gea et al, 2021 ; Li et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol potential of endophytic Bacillus subtilis A9 against rot disease of Morchella esculenta

Chen,

Zhang,

Chao

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionMorchella esculenta is a popular edible fungus with high economic and nutritional value. However, the rot disease caused by Lecanicillium aphanocladii, pose a serious threat to the quality and yield of M. esculenta. Biological control is one of the effective ways to control fungal diseases.Methods and resultsIn this study, an effective endophytic B. subtilis A9 for the control of M. esculenta rot disease was screened, and its biocontrol mechanism was studied by transcriptome analysis. In total, 122 strains of endophytic bacteria from M. esculenta, of which the antagonistic effect of Bacillus subtilis A9 on L. aphanocladii G1 reached 72.2% in vitro tests. Biological characteristics and genomic features of B. subtilis A9 were analyzed, and key antibiotic gene clusters were detected. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that B. subtilis A9 affected the mycelium and spores of L. aphanocladii G1. In field experiments, the biological control effect of B. subtilis A9 reached to 62.5%. Furthermore, the transcritome profiling provides evidence of B. subtilis A9 bicontrol at the molecular level. A total of 1,246 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the treatment and control group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that a large number of DEGs were related to antioxidant activity related. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways were Nitrogen metabolism, Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) signal pathway. Among them, some important genes such as carbonic anhydrase CA (H6S33_007248), catalase CAT (H6S33_001409), tRNA dihydrouridine synthase DusB (H6S33_001297) and NAD(P)-binding protein NAD(P) BP (H6S33_000823) were found. Furthermore, B. subtilis A9 considerably enhanced the M. esculenta activity of Polyphenol oxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Phenylal anineammonia lyase (PAL) and Catalase (CAT).ConclusionThis study presents the innovative utilization of B. subtilis A9, for effectively controlling M. esculenta rot disease. This will lay a foundation for biological control in Morchella, which may lead to the improvement of new biocontrol agents for production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol potential of endophytic Bacillus subtilis A9 against rot disease of Morchella esculenta

Chen,

Zhang,

Chao

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Identification of allelochemicals under continuous cropping of Morchella mushrooms

Yin,

Zhang,

Shi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Continuous cropping obstacle has been becoming the bottleneck for the stable development of morel cultivation. The allelopathic effect of soil allelochemicals may play an instrumental role in the morel soil sickness. In this study, the allelochemicals were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with in vitro bioassay. A total of 61 chemical substances were identified through the GC-MS analysis of 12 replanting and control soil samples, comprising 10 phenolic acids, 36 acids, 3 aldehydes, etc. Among which, 15 compounds with values of variable importance for the projection (VIP) greater than 1 in the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were selected as the differential metabolites between soil samples of continuous cropping and control. The bioassay showed that 4-coumaric acid and vanillic acid exhibited inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of three cultivated Morchella mushrooms ( M. sextelata , M. eximia and M. importuna ) under soil native concentrations. Analysis of potential biosynthetic pathways of phenolic acids found that the 3 cultivable Morchella mushrooms are unable to synthesize phenolic acid allelochemicals. Therefore, although they were detected in trace amounts in static culture broth of M. sextelata , the two phenolic acids can only be defined as morel allelochemicals rather than autotoxins. Taken together, we found two morel allelochemicals that may derive from morel related microbes and plants, which will be helpful for further fundamental study and application in morel artificial cultivation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-82542-0.

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Challenges and Strategies for Continuous Cropping of Morchella spp.: A Review

Xu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs) have increasingly become an important phenomenon affecting morel mushroom yield and quality. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the driving factors behind morel mushroom continuous cropping, including the increase in soil nutrients, disorder of the soil microbial structure, aggravation of diseases, and accumulation of allelochemicals and autotoxins. Furthermore, we analyze the interrelationships among these driving factors. To mitigate these adverse effects, we propose five potential strategic approaches aimed at optimizing existing interventions. This overview not only delineates the causative agents and their intricate interactions under continuous cropping scenarios but also consolidates prospective solutions to alleviate these constraints, thereby advancing our understanding and management of morel production sustainability.

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Science and technology breakthroughs to advance artificial cultivation of true morels

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Biocontrol potential of endophytic Bacillus subtilis A9 against rot disease of Morchella esculenta

Biocontrol potential of endophytic Bacillus subtilis A9 against rot disease of Morchella esculenta

Identification of allelochemicals under continuous cropping of Morchella mushrooms

Challenges and Strategies for Continuous Cropping of Morchella spp.: A Review

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