Science and technology of rubber reclamation with special attention to NR-based waste latex products

Rajan, Vinayakrishnan; Dierkes, Wilma K.; Joseph, Rani; Noordermeer, Jacobus W.M.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.08.003

Cited by 174 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Lower energy consumption, lower heat generation, shorter mixing time, faster extrusion, and ultimately reducing the cost of the production are advantages of using reclaimed rubber. This process which is performed by applying an external source of energy is classified into different categories including mechanical, cryogenic, microwave, and ultrasonic treatments [58,59].…”

Section: Rubber Reclaimingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrap Tyre Management Pathways and Their Use as a Fuel—A Review

2016

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Abstract:This article provides a review of different methods for managing waste tyres. Around 1.5 billion scrap tyres make their way into the environmental cycle each year, so there is an extreme demand to manage and mitigate the environmental impact which occurs from landfilling and burning. Numerous approaches are targeted to recycle and reuse the tyre rubber in various applications. Among them, one of the most important methods for sustainable environmental stewardship is converting tyre rubber components into bio-oil. In this study, scrap tyre management techniques including landfill, retreading, recycling, combustion, and conversion to liquid fuels was reviewed (including gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, and pyrolysis). The effects of parameters such as reactor types, pyrolysis temperature, and catalyst on the oil, gas and solid products in pyrolysis process were investigated.

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Section: Rubber Reclaimingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrap Tyre Management Pathways and Their Use as a Fuel—A Review

2016

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“…The studies in this area have focused mainly on searching new methods of material recycling and on improving the existing methods. The main developed trends in material recycling of scrap rubber, specially reused tires, involve size reduction of scrap rubber and using of obtained products as fillers in polymeric compositions and bitumens [1][2][3] or as substrate in pyrolysis [4,5] and devulcanization processes [6,7]. The economic and environmental factors related to the reduction of energy and materials costs for manufacturing of new products recommend a direct application of ground tire rubber (GTR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of butyl rubber filled with ground tire rubber (GTR)

Formela

Haponiuk

2014

Iran Polym J

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The results on testing application of ground tire rubber (GTR), as potential filler for butyl rubber, are presented. The GTR content variation, within the range of 10-90 phr, was studied with respect to the vulcanization process, static mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation-at-break, hardness and resilience), dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology of the obtained vulcanizates. Butyl rubber was characterized by its low compatibility to other elastomers [i.e., natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)-the main ingredients of tires] and low degree of unsaturation. To evaluate the impact of these factors on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl rubber vulcanizates filled with GTR, the same compositions of SBR compounds, cured under identical conditions, were used as reference samples. Based on the obtained data, it can be stated that butyl rubber vulcanizates containing 30 phr of GTR as filler revealed the highest tensile strength and elongationat-break. The microstructural analysis of a sample containing 30 phr of GTR revealed strong interactions between the butyl rubber matrix and GTR. This phenomenon resulted mainly from two factors. First, the cross-link density of the butyl rubber matrix was affected by its competition against GTR for cross-linking agents. Secondly, the migration of carbon black particles from GTR into the butyl rubber matrix had a significant impact on properties of the obtained vulcanizates.

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“…As a consequence, the demand for natural rubber latex has risen from 159,000 tonnes in 1984 to 597,000 tonnes in 2003 (Rajan et al, 2006). In 2005, Malaysia, one of the worlds leading rubber glove manufacturers, consumed 226,218 tonnes of natural rubber for glove production and exported 1,311 million pairs of medical gloves (MARGMA, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rubber gloves (and medical waste in general) present several disposal problems, because they are a biological hazard and therefore must be disposed of in a manner which does not endanger public health. The World Health Organisation (WHO) is opposed to landfilling or incineration of medical waste (WHO, 2000) and alternative methods of processing waste natural rubber appear to be limited in comparison with synthetic rubbers (Rajan et al, 2006). In addition to waste post-consumer products, there is a large amount of waste natural rubber generated during the manufacturing process, as up to 15% of manufactured products do not meet the very strict specifications required (Rajan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organisation (WHO) is opposed to landfilling or incineration of medical waste (WHO, 2000) and alternative methods of processing waste natural rubber appear to be limited in comparison with synthetic rubbers (Rajan et al, 2006). In addition to waste post-consumer products, there is a large amount of waste natural rubber generated during the manufacturing process, as up to 15% of manufactured products do not meet the very strict specifications required (Rajan et al, 2006). Therefore, a new technology that is both environmentally acceptable and biologically safe is required to process both post-consumer and feedstock natural rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis of latex gloves in the presence of Y-zeolite

2009

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In this study we have investigated the possibility of processing waste rubber gloves using pyrolysis. Y-zeolite catalyst was employed to upgrade the pyrolysis products to give higher yields of valuable aromatic compounds such as toluene and xylenes. The composition of the pyrolysis products was determined using GC-MS, GC-FID, GC-TCD, and FT-IR. It was found that when rubber gloves were pyrolysed in the absence of a catalyst, the pyrolysis oil consisted mainly of limonene and oligomers of polyisoprene. When Y-zeolite was added to the reaction system, the yields of toluene, xylene, methylbenzenes, ethylbenzenes, and naphthalenes increased dramatically. The Y-zeolite also catalysed the decomposition of limonene, which was absent from the catalytic pyrolysis products. The presence of the Yzeolite catalyst also increased the yield of hydrocarbon gases. The tests were carried out at both 380°C and 480°C and it was found that the higher reaction temperature led to increased yields of all the major compounds, both in the presence and absence of the Y-zeolite catalyst.

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Science and technology of rubber reclamation with special attention to NR-based waste latex products

Cited by 174 publications

References 61 publications

Scrap Tyre Management Pathways and Their Use as a Fuel—A Review

Scrap Tyre Management Pathways and Their Use as a Fuel—A Review

Curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of butyl rubber filled with ground tire rubber (GTR)

Pyrolysis of latex gloves in the presence of Y-zeolite

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