Science and technology policy of the Russia and reserves of interaction between academic, university and entrepreneurial sectors of science

Abstract

In the last 15 years the Russian Federation has been declared an economic obstruction, associated with the attempt of Western countries to oust Russia from the external commodity and financial markets. The embargoes imposed by the West have largely affected the domestic market because of its excessive saturation with imported goods. Import substitution policy initiated by the Government more than 10 years ago could not solve the problem of shortage of high-tech products due to technological backwardness of many enterprises of civil economy, including due to insufficient involvement of domestic science to assist in the development of innovative production. There are also problems in Russian science itself. The main one is underfunding of research as a consequence of weak development of entrepreneurial and state market of orders for scientific products. Most commercial structures prefer to acquire ready-made patents or technologies from foreign firms. There is no optimal mechanism for administrative coordination and financial subsidizing of creative interaction between the three sectors of science to solve problems relevant from the position of domestic and foreign policy. All-Russian studies conducted with the author's participation in 2011–2020 show the positive experience of cooperative interaction between different sectors of science with mixed public-private financing and in the reliance on the technological platform of manufacturing companies. This is the practice for 80% of scientific organizations performing applied research. As for the basic sciences, in this segment close cooperation of academic research institutes is not only possible but also desirable with universities, both in the framework of megaprojects and in the preparation of textbooks for universities.

Trends in the integration of researchers into the social division of labor

“…В Российской Федерации статистические службы также придерживаются тройной градации: фундаментальные исследования, прикладные исследования, научные разработки . Принято считать, что фундаментальными исследованиями занимаются в основном академические НИИ, а вузовские и предпринимательские организации -в основном прикладными исследованиями и разработками [5] .…”