“…These kinds of programmes, or clubs, provide opportunities for participants to pursue deeper goals, to ‘seek more opportunities related to science, become aware of gaps in their knowledge, persist through closing challenging gaps, and gain pleasure from building competence, knowledge, and skills in science’ (Bonnette et al, 2019). There is evidence linking participation in periodic extracurricular programmes to positive attitudes towards science, improved science learning and a greater sense of appreciation for scientific endeavours (Hartley, 2014). Although it is important to promote such endeavours, they have been addressed in detail elsewhere (Sahin, 2013; Vartianen and Aksela, 2013; Hartley, 2014; García-Guerrero et al, 2019).…”