Science, environment and resources in Antarctica

Environmental Monitoring around Indian Stations

“…Kennicutt Ii (1990), also brought forward the need of monitoring and conservation of oil spill to protect the pristine Antarctic Environment. Signing of Madrid Protocol in year 1991 by the treaty parties further emphasized environmental monitoring due to human impact in collaborative manner to highlight the urgent need for decision makers (Walton and Morris, 1990;Walton and Shears, 1994).…”

“…Recent development in Antarctica has changed the concept of the pre-International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957-1958 of being insignificant in scientific exploration and thereafter represented a major turning point for research in Antarctica. IGY provided a sound foundation for the development of Antarctic scientific activity in a wide range of disciplines, including glaciology, atmospheric sciences and medicine (Gerson, 1958;Walton and Morris, 1990).…”

Environmental management on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

“…There is growing awareness of the need for improvements in mechanisms for environmental management in Antarctica (Logan 1986;Kriwoken and Keage 1987;British Antarctic Survey 1989;Barnes 1991;National Science Foundation 1990;Walton and Morris 1990;Harris 1991a;IUCN 1991;Kriwoken 1991;Young 1991). This is reflected in recent actions within the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), particularly in discussions at the 11th Special Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) where Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties (ATCPs) developed more comprehensive and stringent measures for Antarctic environmental protection, to be known as the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (referred to henceforth as the Protocol) (ATCPs 1990 a and b;SCAR 1991a, ATCPs 1991.…”