Science from detection of neutrinos from supernovae

Abstract

The neutrinos emitted from supernovae contain information about the physics of stellar collapse and of the nature of the neutrinos themselves. Several large detectors exist that will be capable of observing some subset of those neutrinos. In addition, we have designed OMNIS, the Observatory for Multiflavour NeutrInos from Supernovae. OMNIS will detect the neutrinos from (a) neutral-current interactions from ν e , ν µ ,ν µ , ν τ andν τ , and (b) charged-current interactions from high-momentum ν e , with lead nuclei. It will utilize two types of detectors: (1) lead slabs alternating with vertical planes of neutron detectors, in which neutrons produced by neutrino-lead interactions will be detected, and (2) lead perchlorate, in which both the resulting neutrons and Cerenkov light will be detected. OMNIS will measure neutrino masses below 100 eV, provide new information on MSW or vacuum oscillations from ν µ /ν τ to ν e , especially to 13 , and possibly diagnose the process of collapse to a black hole. It will observe the late-time evolution of the neutrino distributions, and possibly see predicted late-time effects, e.g. a phase transition from neutron-star matter to kaon-condensed matter or quark matter. OMNIS is also sensitive to some modes of nucleon decay that should make it possible to improve significantly on present limits for those modes. Of crucial importance to OMNIS is an experiment, using neutrinos from a stopped pion beam, to determine the flavour and energy-dependent response of lead to neutrinos. This will provide important input into cross section calculations for which few data currently exist. We plan to perform this experiment using one of the lead perchlorate detector modules from OMNIS.

QCD thermodynamics from lattice calculations with nonequilibrium methods: The SU(3) equation of state

“…Also, the discrepancy appears to be largest in the temperature region of (23) the peak in ∆/T 4 , where it is comparable (in sign and magnitude) with the difference from the results from ref. [14] that was reported in ref. [17] itself.…”

“…[11], for an application in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory) and on the formulation of the theory in a moving reference frame [12]: both of them have been successfully tested in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory without quarks, and can be extended to full QCD without major obstructions [13]. The thermal properties of a purely gluonic theory, albeit not relevant for a quantitative comparison with experiments, can reveal important universal features, shared by theories with different gauge symmetry [9,10,12,[14][15][16][17][18][19] and/or in different dimensions [20], and, by virtue of the limited computational power required for their numerical Monte Carlo simulation, provide a useful benchmark for new algorithms.…”

The effects of QCD equation of state on the relic density of WIMP dark matter

“…The treatment by Laine and Schroeder [21] is rather similar. However, their results are based on a different set of pure glue lattice QCD calculations [33]. Moreover, they match to perturbative calculations at the much lower temperature of 350 MeV.…”

SpontaneousCPviolation in quark scattering from QCDZ(3)interfaces

“…These parameters are fitted in ref. [17][18][19] such that that the effective potential reproduces the thermodynamics of pure SU (3) gauge theory on lattice [24,25]. The coefficients…”