“…Cooperation for innovation between firms and institutions is becoming increasingly important because this can create reciprocal benefits for all parties involved and for society in general. Defined as the union of two or more parties, institutions or individuals, which jointly pursue innovation objectives (Doz et al, 2000;Serrano-Bedia et al, 2010;Milesi et al, 2017), cooperation for innovation has attracted considerable attention from academics, entrepreneurs and policy-makers since the pioneering work of Hagedoorn (1993). In addition, from the 1990s, scientific and technological policy in Europe, the USA or Japan has advanced decisively towards the promotion of cooperation in R&D and innovation projects between companies, universities and other research institutes (Takayama et al, 2002;Archibugi and Coco, 2004;López, 2008;Abramovsky et al, 2009;Poutanen et al, 2016).…”