“…The absence of mainstay themes in education research within participants' responses was also noteworthy as Time (e.g., AITSL, 2021;Crump, 2005;Jenkinson & Benson, 2010), Cross Curricular Integration (e.g., Gresnigt et al, 2014;Rennie et al, 2018), Specialist Science Teachers (e.g., Ardzejewska et al, 2010;Levy et al, 2016;Mills et al, 2020;Roach & Wendt, 2022), School-University Partnerships (e.g., Hobbs et al, 2018;Kenny et al, 2014) and Preservice Science Education (Deehan, 2017(Deehan, , 2021(Deehan, , 2022 were not widely identified as key factors in the ongoing improvement of Australian primary science education. While a sampling error or methodological limitations could explain the relative paucity of these themes, they could also be an extension of the previously mentioned internal locus of control expressed by teachers as they view themselves, rather than universities or specialist teachers, as being central to the improvement of primary science education.…”