The parieto-occipital region of the brain is the most frequently and severely
affected in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The basal ganglia,
cerebellum and corpus callosum are less commonly involved. We describe a patient
with SSPE confirmed by neuropathology based on brain magnetic resonance imaging
showing extensive basal ganglia involvement and no significant involvement of
other cortical structures. Though rarely described in SSPE, clinicians should be
aware of this involvement. SSPE should be kept in mind when changes in basal
ganglia signal are seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging with or without
involvement of other regions of the human brain to avoid erroneous etiological
diagnosis of other pathologies causing rapidly progressive dementia.