Scientific frontiers in faecal microbiota transplantation: joint document of Asia-Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) and Asia-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE)

Ng, Siew C.; Kamm, Michael A.; Yeoh, Yun Kit; Chan, Paul K.S.; Zuo, Tao; Tang, Whitney; Sood, Ajit; Andoh, Akira; Ohmiya, Naoki; Zhou, Yongjian; Ooi, Choon Jin; Mahachai, Varocha; Wu, Chun Ying; Zhang, Faming; Sugano, Kentaro; Chan, Francis K.L.

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319407

Cited by 104 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In the past, the scientific lens mainly had a uni-kingdom major focus on bacteria, leading to the proposition of the existence of FMT “super-donors”. However, our preliminary study along with a growing number of studies 26 , 28 , 30 , 63 , 64 support the existence of complex trans-kingdom interactions. Our study here suggests that FMT is not necessarily a ‘one stool fits all’ approach and that donor-recipient cross-kingdom microbiota interactions, along with their short-term fluctuations in the gut, bring profound implications in FMT success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

The trans-kingdom battle between donor and recipient gut microbiome influences fecal microbiota transplantation outcome

Kazemian

Ramezankhani

Sehgal

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Fundamental restoration ecology and community ecology theories can help us better understand the underlying mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and to better design future microbial therapeutics for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI) and other dysbiosis-related conditions. In this study, stool samples were collected from donors and rCDI patients one week prior to FMT (pre-FMT), as well as from patients one week following FMT (post-FMT). Using metagenomic sequencing and machine learning, our results suggested that FMT outcome is not only dependent on the ecological structure of the recipients, but also the interactions between the donor and recipient microbiomes at the taxonomical and functional levels. We observed that the presence of specific bacteria in donors (Clostridioides spp., Desulfovibrio spp., Odoribacter spp. and Oscillibacter spp.) and the absence of fungi (Yarrowia spp.) and bacteria (Wigglesworthia spp.) in recipients prior to FMT could predict FMT success. Our results also suggested a series of interlocked mechanisms for FMT success, including the repair of the disturbed gut ecosystem by transient colonization of nexus species followed by secondary succession of bile acid metabolizers, sporulators, and short chain fatty acid producers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

The trans-kingdom battle between donor and recipient gut microbiome influences fecal microbiota transplantation outcome

Kazemian

Ramezankhani

Sehgal

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…FMT alters bacteria composition and establishes trans-kingdom equilibrium between gut fungi, viruses and bacteria to promote the recovery of microbial homeostasis. FMT is not a one size fits all and studies are required to identify microbial components that have specific effects in patients with different diseases [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress induced gut microbiota changes activate TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathway contributing to inflammatory bowel disease in pigs

Hu¹,

Patil²,

Gong³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Various stressors alter the 'brain-gut axis' and contribute to many gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the pathological mechanisms of these perturbations are poorly understood. Here, we report on the induction of intestinal inflammation in heat-stressed pigs and apply fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to mice to elucidate the role of intestinal microbiota in TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Results Twelve healthy adult pigs were subjected to heat stress (34 ± 1 °C and 75–85% relative humidity) and compared with 12 control pigs exposed to 25 ± 3 °C and the same humidity level. The pigs were sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Their colonic contents were collected for microbiome analyses and their colonic epithelia underwent transcriptome analyses. Pseudo-germ-free mice were gavaged with fecal bacteria from heat-stressed and control pigs on the collection days to determine whether gut microbiomes and immune responses resembling those in the pigs could be induced in the mice. Heat-stressed pigs presented with fever and diarrhea from day 7 and their colonic villus length, crypt depth/width, and goblet cell number were significantly lower than those of the controls. Their TLR4, TRAF6, and nuclear p65 were upregulated at the RNA and protein levels. Their proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 were also upregulated. Colonic microflora composition in the heat-stressed pigs markedly differed from that of the controls. By day 14, the former presented with substantial increases in opportunistic pathogens such as Campylobacterales , Veillonellaceae , and Megasphaera . Intestinal lipopolysaccharide concentrations were higher in the heat-stressed than the control pigs. Mice administered fecal transplantation from heat-stressed pigs had a distinctly different colonic microflora composition from those receiving control pig fecal transplantation. Bacteroides were significantly diminished and Akkermansia were significantly augmented in mice administered feces from heat-stressed pigs for 14 d. In the colonic tissues of mice given feces from heat-stressed pigs, the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated and there was a mild inflammatory response. Conclusion Heat stress promotes changes in gut microflora composition which, in turn, activates the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and causes inflammatory bowel disease in pigs.

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“…And it must be noted that FMT requires optimization before its therapeutic promise for different diseases can be evaluated. 159 Gross fecal bacterial transplantation may not be as effective as the transplantation of specific bacterial flora. Moreover, individualized patient selection and engineering of customized bacterial transplantation may be more promising therapeutic options for the management of UC.…”

Section: Certain Microbiota and Metabolites Of Fmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

Guo

Liu

Hao

2020

J of Digest Diseases

191

110

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Gut microbiota constitute the largest reservoir of the human microbiome and are an abundant and stable ecosystem—based on its diversity, complexity, redundancy, and host interactions This ecosystem is indispensable for human development and health. The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier depends on its interactions with gut microbiota. The commensal bacterial community is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC). The dysbiosis of microbes is characterized by reduced biodiversity, abnormal composition of gut microbiota, altered spatial distribution, as well as interactions among microbiota, between different strains of microbiota, and with the host. The defects in microecology, with the related metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms, play a critical role in the innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa in UC. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat many diseases related to gut microbiota, with the most promising outcome reported in antibiotic‐associated diarrhea, followed by IBD. This review evaluated the results of various reports of FMT in UC. The efficacy of FMT remains highly controversial, and needs to be regularized by integrated management, standardization of procedures, and individualization of treatment.

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Scientific frontiers in faecal microbiota transplantation: joint document of Asia-Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) and Asia-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy (APSDE)

Cited by 104 publications

References 89 publications

The trans-kingdom battle between donor and recipient gut microbiome influences fecal microbiota transplantation outcome

The trans-kingdom battle between donor and recipient gut microbiome influences fecal microbiota transplantation outcome

Heat stress induced gut microbiota changes activate TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathway contributing to inflammatory bowel disease in pigs

Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment

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