Scientific Information: A Review of Research

Cronholm, Margareta; Sandell, Rolf

doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1981.tb01232.x

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Joint interpersonal and mass media campaigns could make it more difficult for gay men to discredit warnings. Cronholm and Sandell (1981) argue that the people who need health information are often the ones least likely to attend to scientific news. Information about scientific facts could be best communicated via cojoined mass media and face-to-face efforts.…”

Section: Consequences Of the Dichotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal Versus Mass Media Communication A False Dichotomy

1988

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We challenge the intellectual separation of interpersonal and mass media communication, arguing that this division of communication research rests primarily on grounds of historical convenience and university politics. There is little theoretical justification for the dichotomous division of our field, yet we provide evidence that communication scholars seldom cross-cite research articles between the two subdisciplines, rarely attend scientific conferences in ways that span this distinction, and often are segregated in separate university departments. The intellectual costs of this division are discussed, and possible means of furthering intellectual exchange between the two subdisciplines are discussed.eople make sense of their world by categorizing experiences. Categories help predict future events and impose some P degree of order on one's environment. Each event serves to reinforce existing categories or else to challenge their utility. Thus categories are retained only so long as they defeat the challenges of contradictory events or remain insulated from them. However, there is a tendency for categories, once formed and found to be efficacious, to persist in use even when the earlier situation of utility has changed. o 1988 International Communication Association 284 Reardon, Rogers / A FALSE DICHOTOMY 285 were the mass media and the rise of the scholarly field of mass communication. Robert E. Park's (1922) monograph, The Immigrant Press andlts Control, dealt with the role of foreign language newspapers in the United States. The work of during the 1930s through the 1940s also had a considerable impact on the study of both mass and interpersonal communication (Rogers, 1986, pp. 96-97).Shortly after World War 11, a crucial intellectual development occurred in the field of communication that affected the future study of both interpersonal and mass media communication. Shannon and Weaver (1949, pp. 7-8) developed a simple model of communication that was adopted enthusiastically by communication scholars.Shannon and Weaver's model was adopted to explain a variety of communication behaviors. It encouraged a feeling of universality among communication scholars, even though they studied different types of channels (interpersonal or mass media). The model also standardized the terminology of basic communication concepts, so that all communication scientists began to talk of feedback, noise, and receivers (Rogers, 1986, pp. 85-91).Along with the benefits of the model, however, came certain problems. Researchers tended to buy into an image of communication as linear and unidirectional, which was a good fit with the one-way nature of the mass media (newspapers, radio, television) that many communication scholars were studying in the 1950s. Feedback and other dynamic aspects of Shannon and Weaver's model were deemphasized and eventually dropped. Later decades of research mainly focused on effects caused by sources sending messages via interpersonal or mass media channels. Lasswell's (1948, pp. 37-51) "Who said what to wh...

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Section: Consequences Of the Dichotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal Versus Mass Media Communication A False Dichotomy

1988

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“…friends; and commercial and media sources, e.g. newspapers' 7 . The principal finding of this New Zealand study was that the 'mass media should only be utilised in supportive roles to back up the promotion activities of health professionals and others' 7 .…”

Section: Health and The Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have attempted to determine the influence of health information in the news 7,8,9,10 . The first of these studies examined the perceived reliability of sources of health information, and divided the possible sources into three groups: 'formal, e.g.…”

Section: Health and The Newsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health information provision in men and women's magazines

Graham

Bawden

Nicholas

1997

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Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emerald-srm:463575 [] For AuthorsIf you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractThe purpose of this research was to investigate the nature of the coverage of health issues in magazines, and specifically to compare the coverage in men's and women's magazines Content analysis was used to examine the health information in the six upmarket magazines (Cosmopolitan, Elle, Esquire, GQ, Marie-Claire, and Maxim) selected for the study, with a wide range of criteria used to analyse the health information contained in them. Interviews with four of the health editors from the sample were conducted in order to elucidate some of the main findings.Unexpectedly, the differences in health information coverage are greater between the individual magazines than between the total women's and men's groups. Overall, men's magazines appear to treat health information in a more informative manner than women's, although both groups provide unusually high levels of information required to change their readers health behaviour.With this level of information provision it is noteworthy that many of these magazines have no clear health information policy, and that their editors have no qualifications or training in either health or science.

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“…8 Mass media may also influence individual health behaviors, healthcare utilization, and healthcare practices. 2,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the direct impact of the media on health behaviors is difficult to measure, particularly when assessing unplanned, news-related media coverage. 2,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Medical reports may provoke unwarranted alarm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%