Scientific investigation of the Imperial Gates belonging to the wooden church from Săcel, Turda County, Romania

Măruțoiu, Constantin; Bratu, Ioan; Trosan, Laura; Neamțu, Călin; Măruțoiu, Victor Constantin; Pop, Dumitru; Tănăselia, Claudiu; Garabagiu, Sorina

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.083

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The FTIR can also detect the composition of mural paintings [104,105], wooden structures [106][107][108] and stained glasses [50,[109][110][111]. It was well-known that infrared spectroscopy in the range of 4000-600 cm −1 (middle IR) is one of the most widely used techniques for the detection of organic materials [112,113].…”

Section: Commonly Used Spectroscopic Techniques Infrared and Raman Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both conservation and intervention methods must be compatible with each other and appropriate for the original building materials. Therefore, the characterization of historic building materials is indispensable for investigating chemical composition, micro-structure and morphological features to study the current condition, environmental influence and change mechanism due to natural aging or man-made decay processes. Given the great variety of chemicals which can be analyzed, complex problems related to architectural heritage materials are investigated via optimized methodologies. Among the existing techniques, optical microscopy (OM) is an inexpensive and dominating tool to obtain preliminary information on complex samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can provide real three-dimensional topographies showing sample surface properties. Electron microscopes combined with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EM-EDX) are the instruments specifically developed to acquire images of target materials at high magnification. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are frequently used to characterize inorganic and organic compounds. Thermal analysis can rapidly and accurately measure changes in crystalline structure, dehydration and decomposition. X-ray based technologies have a wide range of applications as follows. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is one of the most frequently used techniques for elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a fast and inexpensive technique for the characterization of man-made and natural materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is applied to quantify the valence and electronic levels of specific elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for detecting the electronic structure of matter. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is also of great importance in architectural heritage, which can reveal different physicochemical mechanisms causing color. Laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can effectively eliminate the pollution on the surface and detect the internal elements of the target material. Ion beam analysis can quantify trace elements with high sensitivity. Mass-based techniques are mainly applied to identify unknown organic substances at the molecular level. This review describes some classical applications of individual techniques and provides scientific support for scientists and engineers to make decisions in the context of architectural heritage.

show abstract

Section: Commonly Used Spectroscopic Techniques Infrared and Raman Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Instruments like x-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) [7], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy [8], x-ray diffraction/scanning electron microscope (XRD/SEM) [9], and Raman spectroscopy [10] have been used to investigate the art and archaeological objects. Several papers were dedicated to the scientific investigation of some religious art objects [11] like: wooden [12] and glass icons [13,14], diptych [15] and triptych icons [16], old wooden stalls [17], mural paintings [18][19][20], and Imperial Gates [21][22][23][24]. Databases for painting materials for different art objects have also been presented [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary Investigation of the Imperial Gates of the 17th Century Wooden Church in Sălișca, Cluj County, Romania

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most beautiful elements of cultural heritage in Romanian villages is the Transylvanian wooden churches. Unfortunately, these heritage elements have experienced considerable deterioration. This paper presents the results of a project whose main goal was the scientific investigation of the Imperial Gates belonging to the wooden church in Sălis , ca, Cluj County, Romania. To digitally preserve and document the Imperial Gates, a scientific investigation into the wooden support and the painting materials (ground, pigments) were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy provided information about the wooden support, whereas XRF and FTIR methods were used to structurally characterize the painting materials. These structural data were correlated with the artistic, theological, and historical analysis of the religious heritage monument. Starting from the information acquired about the wooden support and the painting materials, the Imperial Gates were three-dimensional (3D) scanned using state-of-the-art laser scanners. The digitization of the Imperial Gates and the interior of the church was performed to maintain the current preservation status and disseminate this information to the public using online instruments.

show abstract

“…The aim of this paper was to investigate the painting materials employed for the Imperial Gates of the Nicula wooden church by several methods such as X-ray fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, and 3D scanning techniques [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The wood species employed and its conservation status were also investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science Applied for the Investigation of Imperial Gate from Eighteenth Century Wooden Church of Nicula Monastery

Bratu

Siluan

Măruțoiu

et al. 2017

Journal of Spectroscopy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Part of an indestructible component of any orthodox church, the Imperial Gates represent an important symbol in our cultural heritage. But in many cases the Imperial Gates from the wooden churches were damaged. In order to preserve and restore them, the scientific investigations of the Imperial Gate belonging to Nicula Monastery wooden church were performed by employing nondestructive and destructive methods. The wood essence was established, with its “health” status being investigated by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) thermal analysis. The painting materials employed by popular artists were determined by FTIR and XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy as gypsum, calcite (rear background), lead white (Archangel Clothes), lead-minium (Archangel Clothes, leaf), iron oxide (Imperial Gate frame), malachite (green), Prussian blue (blue), orpiment (yellow), aliphatic, ester, and protein (probably egg yolk degradation products). Using similar colors as in the original artwork (resulting from the scientific investigation of the pigments) a 3D reconstruction has been performed. The restored Imperial Gates are placed in the old Nicula wooden church, being included into a tourist and religious circuit.

show abstract

Scientific investigation of the Imperial Gates belonging to the wooden church from Săcel, Turda County, Romania

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

Multidisciplinary Investigation of the Imperial Gates of the 17th Century Wooden Church in Sălișca, Cluj County, Romania

Science Applied for the Investigation of Imperial Gate from Eighteenth Century Wooden Church of Nicula Monastery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About