Scientific note: molecular detection of pathogens in unhealthy colonies of Apis mellifera jemenitica

Haddad, Nizar; Al-Gharaibeh, Moath; Nasher, Abdullah; Anaswah, Eman; Alammari, Yaseen; Horth, Lisa

doi:10.1007/s13592-017-0530-6

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…a 100% 100% Mordecai et al (2016) 2012–2013 Kenya Africa Apis mellifera 16 NGS libs. a 45% 55% Onyango et al (2016) 2014 Georgia Asia Apis mellifera 40 bees >29% <29% Radzevičiūtė et al (2017) 2014 Austria Europe Apis mellifera 4 colonies 0% 100% Tritschler et al (2017) 2014 Yemen Asia Apis mellifera 16 sites 38% 6% Haddad et al (2018) 2014 New Zealand Pacific Apis mellifera 8 NGS libs. a present present Mondet et al (2015) 2015 Philippines Asia Apis mellifera 2 colonies 100% 100% de Guzman et al (2020) 2015 Spain Europe Apis melli...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Paxton

2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Paxton

2022

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Recent evidence also shows that range sizes shrink when some native bees contract disease from commercial ones (Murray, Coffey, Kehoe, & Horgan, 2013). For some honeybee subspecies, such as A. m. jemenitica, and in some geographical regions, like parts of the Middle East, we have only just begun to learn about the presence and frequency of disease, at the same time that queens are being imported and subspecies being moved (Haddad et al, 2017).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementing small farms with native mason bees increases strawberry size and growth rate

Horth

Campbell

2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Pollination services, especially those of bees, play a vital role in agriculture. Declining honeybee populations require us to find alternative solutions for sustainable agriculture. Native bees are proving to be efficient pollinators. Mason bees (Osmia lignaria) provide valuable pollinator services for some woody orchard species, but their value as pollinators for herbaceous crops is largely untested. We assessed the effectiveness of O. lignaria supplementation on nine strawberry farms over two growing seasons. We specifically selected mason bees for this work because they emerge from cocoons in the springtime, when few other bees are available for pollination. Cocoons are easily deployed on farms and emerged bees have a small flight radius, so they remain localized. We placed cocoons on one side of each berry farm plot (our mason bee addition treatment) but not on the opposite side (our control). We tagged and monitored berries on nine farms throughout the growing season. We performed statistical comparisons of berries from the treatment and control for differences in berry growth rate and size. In addition, we supplemented farms with native bee homes constructed from three materials (bamboo, Phragmites and wood). This allowed us to determine whether adult mason bees would produce a subsequent generation of bees on farms and whether the bees had a preference for nest material type. Our work demonstrates that mason bees can be used successfully to pollinate herbaceous berry crops. We found that berry growth rate was significantly higher and berry volume was significantly larger for berries from the treatment relative to the control. We also found that adult bees successfully utilized the bee homes for laying the next generation of offspring and that bees colonized bamboo homes more than other home types. Synthesis and applications. Our results are the first to show that native mason bees (Osmia lignaria) can be used successfully to provide pollination services on strawberry farms. Their use results in the production of bigger berries and faster berry growth rates than managed honeybees alone. Mason bees overwinter (and can be purchased) in cocoons, offering great potential for efficient and effective pollination services, for a variety of agricultural applications across different geographical regions. The availability of suitable nesting sites and protection of subsequent generations of cocoons from wasp parasitization warrant future consideration.

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“…Apis D,N X [16,18,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41] (5) X [43] (>1) X [4,13,16,18,29,30,31,32,33,35,36,37,40,41,43,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67] (>10)…”

Section: Host Genera Nosema Apis Nosema Bombi Nosema Ceranaementioning

confidence: 99%

A growing pandemic: A review of Nosema parasites in globally distributed domesticated and native bees

Grupe

Quandt

2020

PLoS Pathog

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Nosema infection in bees Domesticated and native bees face a variety of deadly threats that cause mortality and reduced fecundity and thus, by extension, endanger agriculture and native plant communities that rely on bees for pollination. Biotic factors negatively impacting bees include: viruses, nematodes, mites, bacteria, and fungi. Additionally, abiotic threats include the destruction of nesting and floral resources from anthropogenic sources as well as a plethora of negative factors from climate change. While a substantial amount of research has been done investigating the causes of colony collapse disorder in the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, there is growing evidence over the past two decades that another pandemic of bees, both domesticated and native, is growing. This pandemic is the result of the spread of fungal pathogens in the genus Nosema. Nosema species belong to Microsporidia, which are all unicellular, obligate symbionts of animals, and gregarines. Although long thought to be protists, Microsporidia are now recognized as a highly reduced lineage of fungi [1]. Tokarev and colleagues [2] recently placed Nosema species that infect bees (Anthophila, Hymenoptera) within a new genus, Vairimorpha, but for the sake of consistency with the existing literature this Review article will refer to them simply as Nosema. Specifically, Nosema carry out their life cycle by infecting the cells in the midgut of bees. Once a spore is ingested by a bee and reaches the midgut, it will germinate. It then injects its contents into the host cell where it consumes the cell contents via phagocytosis until it eventually lays down spore walls before rupturing the host cell to release the spores [3]. These spores can then infect other cells in the digestive tract or be passed out of the host in excrement, thereby contaminating floral resources, collected pollen, and the nesting environment. Other bees are then susceptible to ingest spores in the nest via fecal-oral transmission, or if excreted at a floral resource, the fungus can infect any susceptible hosts that come into contact with that flower [4,5]. Due to the extent of bee foraging ranges, this process not only increases the local pathogen load but also serves to disperse Nosema to new habitats and novel hosts. In addition to the natural transmission of these pathogens, commercial products such as honey, bee pollen, and royal jelly can be contaminated and potentially disperse these pathogens [6]. The most common symptoms of Nosema infection are dysentery and microscopic lesions within the gut and Malpighian tubules. This leads to host frailty, lethargy, and loss of workers in eusocial bees that reduces foraging ability for the colony through mortality, reduced homing ability, shorter foraging flights, and inefficient foraging behavior [5,7]. Nosema bombi infections also reduce the fecundity of the colony through detrimental physical effects to the reproductive organs in male bumblebees, increased mortality of workers, and negatively impacting

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Scientific note: molecular detection of pathogens in unhealthy colonies of Apis mellifera jemenitica

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Supplementing small farms with native mason bees increases strawberry size and growth rate

A growing pandemic: A review of Nosema parasites in globally distributed domesticated and native bees

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