Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation of<i>Xanthomonas arboricola</i>pv.<i>pruni</i>(Smith, 1903)

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doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3857

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The negative effects in the crops are reflected in a yield reduction or in the inability to commercialize the damaged fruit (Lamichhane, 2014; Lamichhane and Varvaro, 2014). The appearance of several outbreaks of these pathovars which, in the case of the pathovars corylina and pruni , are regulated by quarantine policies in areas like the European Union (both pathogens are registered in the EPPO A2 list), and the possibility of future epidemics and spread of these pathogens to disease-free producing zones, have potentiated the efforts to understand the molecular diversity of the species (Anonymous, 2000; EFSA, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Genomic Analysis Permits Differentiation of Virulent and Non-virulent Strains of Xanthomonas arboricola That Cohabit Prunus spp. and Elucidate Bacterial Virulence Factors

et al. 2017

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Xanthomonas arboricola is a plant-associated bacterial species that causes diseases on several plant hosts. One of the most virulent pathovars within this species is X. arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruit trees and almond. Recently, a non-virulent Xap-look-a-like strain isolated from Prunus was characterized and its genome compared to pathogenic strains of Xap, revealing differences in the profile of virulence factors, such as the genes related to the type III secretion system (T3SS) and type III effectors (T3Es). The existence of this atypical strain arouses several questions associated with the abundance, the pathogenicity, and the evolutionary context of X. arboricola on Prunus hosts. After an initial characterization of a collection of Xanthomonas strains isolated from Prunus bacterial spot outbreaks in Spain during the past decade, six Xap-look-a-like strains, that did not clustered with the pathogenic strains of Xap according to a multi locus sequence analysis, were identified. Pathogenicity of these strains was analyzed and the genome sequences of two Xap-look-a-like strains, CITA 14 and CITA 124, non-virulent to Prunus spp., were obtained and compared to those available genomes of X. arboricola associated with this host plant. Differences were found among the genomes of the virulent and the Prunus non-virulent strains in several characters related to the pathogenesis process. Additionally, a pan-genomic analysis that included the available genomes of X. arboricola, revealed that the atypical strains associated with Prunus were related to a group of non-virulent or low virulent strains isolated from a wide host range. The repertoire of the genes related to T3SS and T3Es varied among the strains of this cluster and those strains related to the most virulent pathovars of the species, corylina, juglandis, and pruni. This variability provides information about the potential evolutionary process associated to the acquisition of pathogenicity and host specificity in X. arboricola. Finally, based in the genomic differences observed between the virulent and the non-virulent strains isolated from Prunus, a sensitive and specific real-time PCR protocol was designed to detect and identify Xap strains. This method avoids miss-identifications due to atypical strains of X. arboricola that can cohabit Prunus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Genomic Analysis Permits Differentiation of Virulent and Non-virulent Strains of Xanthomonas arboricola That Cohabit Prunus spp. and Elucidate Bacterial Virulence Factors

et al. 2017

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“…Optical microscopy observation of planktonic and biofilm structure development of strain CITA 33, which was selected as a Xap representative strain, is shown in Figure 3a. (3,4), 24 h of biofilm maturation in dried conditions (5,6), 48 h of biofilm maturation in dry condition (7,8), 72 h of biofilm maturation in dry conditions (9,10), 72 h of biofilm maturation without medium elimination (11,12). (b) CLSM imaging of planktonic cells in LB (1) and XVM2 (2), 48 h mature biofilm in LB (3) and XVM2 (4) and 72 h mature biofilm in LB ( 5) and XVM2 (6).…”

Section: Visualization Of Biofilms In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xap causes damages on leaves, fruit, twigs, branches and trunks of trees [6] and gradually heavily infected trees become uneconomic because of severe defoliation resulting in weakened trees and damaged fruit which are often unmarketable. Yield losses of up to 75% have been reported in orchards of peach fruit [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Optical microscopy of morphological features of CITA 33 strain in LB medium. Samples were stained with crystal violet at different stage: 24 h of bacteria growth in shaking conditions (1,2), 72 h of bacteria growth in shaking conditions(3,4), 24 h of biofilm maturation in dried conditions(5,6), 48 h of biofilm maturation in dry condition(7,8), 72 h of biofilm maturation in dry conditions (9,10), 72 h of biofilm maturation without medium elimination(11,12). (b) CLSM imaging of planktonic cells in LB (1) and XVM2 (2), 48 h mature biofilm in LB (3) and XVM2 (4) and 72 h mature biofilm in LB (5) and XVM2(6).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Sabuquillo

Cubero

2021

Agronomy

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Xanthomonasarboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruit and almond, an important plant disease with a high economic impact. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms that microbial communities use to adapt to environmental changes and to survive and colonize plants. Herein, biofilm formation by Xap was analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces using different microscopy techniques which allowed characterization of the different biofilm stages compared to the planktonic condition. All Xap strains assayed were able to form real biofilms creating organized structures comprised by viable cells. Xap in biofilms differentiated from free-living bacteria forming complex matrix-encased multicellular structures which become surrounded by a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, nutrient content of the environment and bacterial growth have been shown as key factors for biofilm formation and its development. Besides, this is the first work where different cell structures involved in bacterial attachment and aggregation have been identified during Xap biofilm progression. Our findings provide insights regarding different aspects of the biofilm formation of Xap which improve our understanding of the bacterial infection process occurred in Prunus spp and that may help in future disease control approaches.

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“…CBC is considered one of the major threat for citriculture and it is endemic in many citrus production zones, even though, Xcc is not present in other areas such as the Mediterranean basin or California in USA, where these bacteria are regulated as quarantinable [4]. BSF is worldwide distributed with a presence in most Prunus -growing regions, however Xap is still a quarantine organism in some areas like the European Union [5,6]. CBC is defined as a tropical or subtropical disease; meanwhile, BSF occurs mostly in temperate areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Comparative analysis of two pathogens producing similar symptoms in different host plants

et al. 2019

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Comparative studies in Xanthomonas have provided a vast amount of data that enabled to deepen in the knowledge of those factors associated with virulence and Xanthomonas plant interaction. The species of this genus present a wide range of host plants and a large number of studies have been focused to elucidate which mechanism are involved in this characteristic. In this study, comparative genomic and phenotypic analysis were performed between X . citri subsp. citri ( Xcc ), one of the most studied pathogens within Xanthomonas , and X . arboricola pv. pruni ( Xap ), a pathogen which has aroused great interest in recent time. The work was aimed to find those elements that contribute to their host divergence despite the convergence in the symptoms that each species cause on Citrus spp. and Prunus spp., respectively. This study reveals a set of genes that could be putatively associated with the adaptation of these pathogens to their hosts, being the most remarkable those involved in environmental sensing systems such as the case of the TonB-dependent transporters, the sensors of the two-component system and the methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins. Other important variants were found in processes related to the decomposition of the cell wall as could be appreciated by their dissimilar set of cell-wall degrading enzymes. Type three effectors, as one of the most important factors in delineating the host specificity in Xanthomonas , also showed a different array when comparing both species, being some of them unique to each pathogen. On the other hand, only small variations could be connected to other features such as the motility appendages and surface adhesion proteins, but these differences were accompanied by a dissimilar capacity to attach on host and non-host leaf surface. The molecular factors found in this work provide the basis to perform a more in-depth functional analyses that unveil those actual factors associated with pathogenesis and host specificity in Xcc and Xap .

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Scientific Opinion on pest categorisation ofXanthomonas arboricolapv.pruni(Smith, 1903)

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Pan-Genomic Analysis Permits Differentiation of Virulent and Non-virulent Strains of Xanthomonas arboricola That Cohabit Prunus spp. and Elucidate Bacterial Virulence Factors

Pan-Genomic Analysis Permits Differentiation of Virulent and Non-virulent Strains of Xanthomonas arboricola That Cohabit Prunus spp. and Elucidate Bacterial Virulence Factors

Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Comparative analysis of two pathogens producing similar symptoms in different host plants

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