Scientific Papers and Patents on Substances with Unproven Effects. Part 2

Abstract

: Several examples are discussed in this review, where substances without proven effects were proposed for practical use within the scope of evidence-based medicines. The following is discussed here: generalizations of the hormesis concept and its use in support of homeopathy; phytoestrogens and soy products potentially having feminizing effects; glycosaminoglycans for the treatment of osteoarthritis and possibilities of their replacement by diet modifications; flavonoids recommended for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins; acetylcysteine as a mucolytic agent and its questionable efficiency especially by an oral intake; stem cells and cell therapies. In conclusion, placebo therapies can be beneficial and ethically justifiable but it is not a sufficient reason to publish biased information. Importantly, placebo must be devoid of adverse effects, otherwise, it is named pseudo-placebo. Therapeutic methods with unproven effects should be tested in high-quality research shielded from the funding bias. Some issues discussed in this review are not entirely clear, and the arguments provided here can initiate a constructive discussion.

The Hormesis Concept: Strengths and Shortcomings

“…Another difficulty in evaluation of hormesis-related literature is that it can sometimes be used in justification of, and doorway leading to dubious concepts such as homeopathy [6][7][8][9]. This view of science constitutes a departure from modern allopathic medicine.…”

Shock wave therapy in cardiology: a commentary

“…Однако продолжать исследования имеет смысл только в том случае, если есть возможность обеспечить их независимость от конфликта интересов. Отметим также publication bias -преимущественную публикацию статей с положительными результатами, а также маркетинг лекарственных препаратов и методов лечения без доказанной эффективности [39]. Как отмечалось выше, в этих условиях возрастает значение теоретических аргументов.…”

Soy phytoestrogens: hormonal activity and impact on the reproductive system

“…In a monograph, it was generalized without references that PhE, for instance, have antineoplastic, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties [63]. Scien tifically questionable methods and theories are sometimes used for promotion of drugs, dietary supplements and treatment methods [64][65][66]. As a result, substances with unproven effects are sometimes prescribed to patients.…”