Scientific results of the "Nautilus" Expedition, 1931 : under the command of Capt. Sir Hubert Wilkins. Parts I to III

Sverdrup, Harald; Soule, Floyd M.

doi:10.1575/1912/1141

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Submarines -The use of submarines for oceanographic work in ice dates to the NAUTILUS expedition conducted by Wilkins and Sverdrup in 1931 (Sverdrup and Soule, 1933).…”

Section: (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symposium on oceanographic instrumentation, Rancho Santa Fe, California, June 21-23, 1952

1952

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We are here to discuss a great and curiously diverse assemblage of ships, dredges, thermometers, intricate electronic devices, plankton nets, hydrophones and water samplers. This list is diverse, yet it includes only tools and instruments-tools that permit us to reach where we otherwise could not reach; and instruments that permit us to see or hear where to our unaided senses all is black and silent. And these two are fused by singularity of purpose-to disclose the nature of the oceans to the mind of man. We plan to consider these extenders and amplifiers of our motor and sensory abilities as they are brought to bear on an understanding of the oceans. Yet they are only temporal links between the two basic realities, the sea and the *-Contribution No. 678 from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography *-I am impressed by different racial attitudes on this point. Primitive races and even advanced races like the Chinese display a great compulsion to construct the model but little inclination to test it. Persons with certain religious attitudes not only fail to test their concept but actively avoid such tests. Thus a method such as a colorimetric determination of alkalinity by standards, suffers from our mental inability to superimpose a grid of color standards between the provided standards and to interpolate the actual value. Such a method soon gives way to a visual linear presentation. Hence, audible records are "analyzed" for presentation to our sight, hardnesses are shown on a scale of a hardness tester, and in every way the burden of presenting quantitative evidence to the mind is thrown upon the innage sense. Optical instruments commonly fall into this category, as do calipers. Other transforming samplers transform the sample into some other energy form which is presented to the senses in a qualitative or quantitative fashion. An ordinary audio amplifier is an example of the qualitative transforming sampler. Quantitative transforming samplers are our common measuring instruments and almost invariably present their information to our vision, as discussed before. Some measuring instruments present only one measurement for each operation. These are called gages. Some present their information continuously but do not record. These are called meters or indicators. A typical modern measuring instrument produces a permanent record relating two or more wanted parameter of which one is frequently time; these are called recorders. Collectors are not alone in providing masses of data and recorders also are prolific. For instance, much of what I have said about plankton nets applies to wave recorders. A measuring instrument physically consists of elements for: (1) Sensing (sampling) (2) Transforming (3) Amplifying and sorting (4) Presenting Certain thermodynamic principles interrelate characteristics of materials and levels of energy. The sensing element normally is in itself a transformer utilizing such interrelations as are selected to be specifically affected by the desired factor.

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“…Submarines -The use of submarines for oceanographic work in ice dates to the NAUTILUS expedition conducted by Wilkins and Sverdrup in 1931 (Sverdrup and Soule, 1933).…”

Section: (I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be somewhat sinnilar to the diving compartment of the submarine NAUTILUS used by Wilkins and Sverdrup (Sverdrup and Soule, 1933).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Symposium on oceanographic instrumentation, Rancho Santa Fe, California, June 21-23, 1952

1952

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“…Although diesel-electric (Sverdrup and Soule, 1933 ) and electric (Sagalevitch, 2013 ) human-occupied submersibles have occasionally operated under ice cover in the Arctic since 1931, these platforms are not considered viable for under-ice research because of their limited endurance and the associated risk to the crew. Nuclear-powered submarines are perhaps the most capable of all submersible platforms for in-situ Arctic ice observation because of their ample underwater endurance, and in 1958 they were the first type of marine vessel to reach the North Pole (Griffin, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Resource Management for Unattended Observation of the Marginal Ice Zone Using Autonomous Underwater Gliders

Duguid

Camilli

2021

Front. Robot. AI

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We present control policies for use with a modified autonomous underwater glider that are intended to enable remote launch/recovery and long-range unattended survey of the Arctic's marginal ice zone (MIZ). This region of the Arctic is poorly characterized but critical to the dynamics of ice advance and retreat. Due to the high cost of operating support vessels in the Arctic, the proposed glider architecture minimizes external infrastructure requirements for navigation and mission updates to brief and infrequent satellite updates on the order of once per day. This is possible through intelligent power management in combination with hybrid propulsion, adaptive velocity control, and dynamic depth band selection based on real-time environmental state estimation. We examine the energy savings, range improvements, decreased communication requirements, and temporal consistency that can be attained with the proposed glider architecture and control policies based on preliminary field data, and we discuss a future MIZ survey mission concept in the Arctic. Although the sensing and control policies presented here focus on under ice missions with an unattended underwater glider, they are hardware independent and are transferable to other robotic vehicle classes, including in aerial and space domains.

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A Note on Arctic Oceanography and the Lomonosov Range

Metcalf¹

1954

ARCTIC

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Scientific results of the "Nautilus" Expedition, 1931 : under the command of Capt. Sir Hubert Wilkins. Parts I to III

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Symposium on oceanographic instrumentation, Rancho Santa Fe, California, June 21-23, 1952

Symposium on oceanographic instrumentation, Rancho Santa Fe, California, June 21-23, 1952

Improving Resource Management for Unattended Observation of the Marginal Ice Zone Using Autonomous Underwater Gliders

A Note on Arctic Oceanography and the Lomonosov Range

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