Scientific studies on microplastics pollution in Iran: An in-depth review of the published articles

Razeghi, Nastaran; Hamidian, Amir Hossein; Wu, Chenxi; Yang, Min

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111901

Cited by 48 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Microplastics are not always byproducts, as they can be incorporated specifically for their properties into products such as coatings, cosmetics, cleaning agents, and medical applications (Zarus et al 2021 ). Thus, humans have many routes of microplastics exposure such as food (Al-Sid-Cheikh et al 2018 ; Razeghi et al 2021 ; Ribeiro et al 2020 ; Zarus et al 2021 ), food packaging (Zarus et al 2021 ), medical implants (Hicks et al 1996 ; Urban et al 2000 ), and baby bottles (Li et al 2020a ), and multiple studies have found microplastics in human stool samples (Schwabl et al 2019 ; Zhang et al 2020a ). Estimates put human ingestion of microplastics at 40,000–50,000 particles per person per year (Cox et al 2019 ), increasing to 70,000–120,000 particles when including inhalation (Cox et al 2020 ; Prata 2018 ), with possible further exacerbation due to recent increased synthetic mask-wearing due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Li et al 2020c ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene and Polyethylene Microplastics Decrease Cell Viability and Dysregulate Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers of MDCK and L929 Cells In Vitro

2021

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Microplastics are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that are a growing concern to many ecosystems, as well as human health. Many of the effects of microplastics on mammalian cells and tissues remain unknown. To address this, we treated L929 murine fibroblasts and Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell lines with 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, or 20 μg/mL of polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) microspheres in vitro for 6 and 24 h and measured the resulting changes in cell viability, metabolism, and transcriptional expression of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes. We observed dose-dependent decreases in cell viability corresponding to increases in doses of both PE and PS. We conducted cell metabolism assays and observed dose-dependent increases in metabolism per cell with increasing doses of both PE and PS. Similarly, we also observed increased expression of the superoxide dismutase-3 gene ( SOD3 ), indicating oxidative stress caused by the microplastics treatments. We also observed increased expression of TNFα , but decreased expression of IFNβ , suggesting different mechanisms by which the microplastics regulate inflammatory responses in mammalian cells. Our results contribute new data to the growing understanding of the effects of microplastics on mammalian cells and indicate complex cellular stress responses to microplastics in the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene and Polyethylene Microplastics Decrease Cell Viability and Dysregulate Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers of MDCK and L929 Cells In Vitro

2021

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“…Ecosystems and their different organisms have been widely impacted by anthropogenic activities such as the discharge of pollutants (Hamidian et al 2019 ; Mirzajani et al 2016 , 2015 ; Padash Barmchi et al 2015 ; Rezaei Kalvani et al 2019 ), including emerging contaminants (Jafari Ozumchelouei et al 2020 ) such as microplastics. Endurance, flexibility, lightweight, being low cost and being waterproof allows for plastic use in different applications, leading to their accumulation in the environment (Pellini et al 2018 ; Razeghi et al 2020 ). Plastic materials are used in a wide variety of markets and industries, including packaging, building and construction, electrical, agriculture, consumer and household appliances such as toothpaste and facial scrubbers, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic sampling techniques in freshwaters and sediments: a review

et al. 2021

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Pollution by microplastics is of increasing concern due to their ubiquitous presence in most biological and environmental media, their potential toxicity and their ability to carry other contaminants. Knowledge on microplastics in freshwaters is still in its infancy. Here we reviewed 150 investigations to identify the common methods and tools for sampling microplastics, waters and sediments in freshwater ecosystems. Manta trawls are the main sampling tool for microplastic separation from surface water, whereas shovel, trowel, spade, scoop and spatula are the most frequently used devices in microplastic studies of sediments. Van Veen grab is common for deep sediment sampling. There is a need to develop optimal methods for reducing identification time and effort and to detect smaller-sized plastic particles.

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“…The acute exposure scenario suggested 1 g of particle ingestion per outdoor day for children. Also, based on the guidance values to calculate the intake of microplastics in occupational exposure, it is suggested that 330 mg day−1 of ingested soil for outdoor workers (29) and 200 days per year is considered the mean value of working days.…”

Section: Microplastic Intake Via Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Pollution in The Topsoil of Hot And Dried Areas, Human Exposure and Source Assessment, Aghili Plain, Iran

Ravanbakhsh

Fard

Abbasi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Although the distribution of microplastic (MPs) has been studied in different environmental compartments during the last decade, there is still a knowledge gap in their distribution and abundances in soil. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, distribution, and type of MPs in the soil of Aghili plain as a hot and dry area in southwest of Iran. In this study, composite soil samples (n=102) were collected from the residential and agricultural areas in Aghili plain, Iran. A combination of visual observations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) – Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman micro -spectroscopy was conducted to quantify and characterize MPs in soil samples. The intakes of MPs in adults and children were estimated through two exposure EPA scenarios. The total MPs loading in the studies soil was 11.93 ± 0.9 items in Kg-1 of surface soil in Aghili plain. The MPs had various morphology (fiber, pellet, fragment, and spherule shapes), colors (white-transparent, yellow-orange, red-pink, blue-green and black-grey colors), and sizes (<100 µm up to 1000 ≤ µm). Black-grey fibers in size less than 100 μm were dominant MPs in soil samples using a binocular microscope. Trace amounts of C, N, O, Na, P, Si revealed by EDS suggested the organic and inorganic contaminations on the surface of identified MPs. Intake of MPs per day/year through ingestion of polluted soil was calculated. Mean normal and acute exposure was estimated at 0.435 and 0.871 MPs per year through ingestion by children and adults, respectively.

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Scientific studies on microplastics pollution in Iran: An in-depth review of the published articles

Cited by 48 publications

References 97 publications

Polystyrene and Polyethylene Microplastics Decrease Cell Viability and Dysregulate Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers of MDCK and L929 Cells In Vitro

Polystyrene and Polyethylene Microplastics Decrease Cell Viability and Dysregulate Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers of MDCK and L929 Cells In Vitro

Microplastic sampling techniques in freshwaters and sediments: a review

Microplastic Pollution in The Topsoil of Hot And Dried Areas, Human Exposure and Source Assessment, Aghili Plain, Iran

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