“…It was noticed that characteristics of the disciplinary structure may also be a factor that affects the competitive advantages of national sciences (Yang et al, 2012 ; Bongioanni et al, 2014 , 2015 ; Cimini et al, 2014 ; Harzing and Giroud, 2014 ; Radosevic and Yoruk, 2014 ; Albarran et al, 2015 ; Lorca and de Andrés, 2019 ; Pinto and Teixeira, 2020 ). For example, it has been argued that this archaic disciplinary structure is one of the reasons why Russia and other former communist countries are still lagging behind Western nations (Kozlowski et al, 1999 ; Markusova et al, 2009 ; Adams and King, 2010 ; Guskov et al, 2016 ; Jurajda et al, 2017 ; Tregubova et al, 2017 ; Shashnov and Kotsemir, 2018 ). In a comprehensive study of how disciplinary structure is related to the competitive advantage in science of different nations, Harzing and Giroud ( 2014 ) showed that countries that demonstrated the fastest increase in their scientific productivity during the periods 1994–2004 and 2002–2012 remained relatively stable in their fairly well-balanced disciplinary structures.…”