Scintillation counters in modern high-energy physics experiments (Review)

Kharzheev, Y. N.

doi:10.1134/s1063779615040048

Cited by 67 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…As can be seen, protons transfer less energy to scintillation as it is expected since strongly ionizing particles produce local electric fields along the track, which leads to quenching of scintillations, i.e., to an increasing number of non-radiative transitions in excited molecules and, accordingly, to a decrease in the light yield. For heavier nuclei it decreases even more strongly [5]. Note that, as expected, these values are strongly dependent on the plastic volume as before.…”

Section: Energy Transfer To Scintillationsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This results in a predominant geometric reflection which is smeared by the surface roughness and a small diffuse fraction. In [5] it is commented that the co-extruded coating achieves reflectivities around 96% if TiO 2 concentration reaches 18%. This is in agreement with the selected value since our coating has 15% TiO 2 concentration so reflectivity is expected to be somewhat smaller.…”

Section: Characterization Of Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, they have been recently selected for MINOS [2], OPERA [3] and AugerPrime [4], the extension of the Pierre Auger Observatory. A complete review on the use of scintillators in particle physics can be found in [5]. Plastic scintillators can be exposed to high levels of radiation which along with their simplicity, low density and large volume compared to solid state based systems makes them also suitable for astrophysical purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, the effect of the scintillator volume has been previously analyzed in the medical area (dossimetry, radiotherapy) in case of plastics using a beam of cobalt-60 radiation (electrons of 315 KeV and gammas of ∼1 MeV) [13] but also in liquid scintillators radiated with electrons and protons in the MeV range [14] and with pure simulations [15], but as far as we know it has not been analyzed in the astrophysical scenario of a space mission where the energy input covers an extended spectrum and the mass is a critical issue. The effect of the reflective coating has also been analyzed in [2,16,17] and a general discussion could be found in [5]. However, most of the results are based on experimental setups with different geometries, scintillators, primary beams and photo-detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the design of experiments based on plastic scintillators using GEANT4 simulations

Ros

Sáez-Cano

Medina‐Tanco

et al. 2018

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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Plastic scintillators are widely used as particle detectors in many fields, mainly, medicine, particle physics and astrophysics. Traditionally, they are coupled to a photo-multplier (PMT) but now silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM) are evolving as a promising robust alternative, specially in space born experiments since plastic scintillators may be a light option for low Earth orbit missions. Therefore it is timely to make a new analysis of the optimal design for experiments based on plastic scintillators in realistic conditions in such a configuration.We analyze here their response to an isotropic flux of electron and proton primaries in the energy range from 1 MeV to 1 GeV, a typical scenario for cosmic ray or space weather experiments, through detailed GEANT4 simulations. First, we focus on the effect of increasing the ratio between the plastic volume and the area of the photo-detector itself and, second, on the benefits of using a reflective coating around the plastic, the most common technique to increase light collection efficiency. In order to achieve a general approach, it is necessary to consider several detector setups. Therefore, we have performed a full set of simulations using the highly tested GEANT4 simulation tool: several parameters have been analyzed such as the energy lost in the coating, the deposited energy in the scintillator, the optical absorption, the fraction of scintillation photons that are not detected, the light collection at the photo-detector, the pulse shape and its time parameters and finally, other design parameters as the surface roughness, the coating reflectivity and the case of a scintillator with two decay components. This work could serve as a guide on the design of future experiments based on the use of plastic scintillators.

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Section: Energy Transfer To Scintillationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Characterization Of Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the design of experiments based on plastic scintillators using GEANT4 simulations

Ros

Sáez-Cano

Medina‐Tanco

et al. 2018

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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“…Scintillation materials convert the radiation of high-energy rays (X-rays or gamma rays) into visible light and are extensively applied in various fields such as safety inspection, high energy physics, nuclear medicine, and industrial non-destructive testing [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Scintillators can be divided into solid, liquid, and gaseous states, among which solid inorganic scintillators, as the most widely used materials, include single crystals and polycrystalline ceramics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Green-Emitting Gd2O2S:Pr3+ Phosphor Nanoparticles and Fabrication of Translucent Gd2O2S:Pr3+ Scintillation Ceramics

2020

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A translucent Gd2O2S:Pr ceramic scintillator with an in-line transmittance of ~31% at 512 nm was successfully fabricated by argon-controlled sintering. The starting precipitation precursor was obtained by a chemical precipitation route at 80 °C using ammonia solution as the precipitate, followed by reduction at 1000 °C under flowing hydrogen to produce a sphere-like Gd2O2S:Pr powder with an average particle size of ~95 nm. The Gd2O2S:Pr phosphor particle exhibits the characteristic green emission from 3P0,1→3H4 transitions of Pr3+ at 512 nm upon UV excitation into a broad excitation band at 285–335 nm arising from 4f2→4f5d transition of Pr3+. Increasing Pr3+ concentrations induce two redshifts for the two band centers of 4f2→4f5d transition and lattice absorption on photoluminescence excitation spectra. The optimum concentration of Pr3+ is 0.5 at.%, and the luminescence quenching type is dominated by exchange interaction. The X-ray excited luminescence spectrum of the Gd2O2S:Pr ceramic is similar to the photoluminescence behavior of its particle. The phosphor powder and the ceramic scintillator have similar lifetimes of 2.93–2.99 μs, while the bulk material has rather higher external quantum efficiency (~37.8%) than the powder form (~27.2%).

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Organic Scintillators

Koshimizu

2022

Phosphors for Radiation Detectors

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Scintillation counters in modern high-energy physics experiments (Review)

Cited by 67 publications

References 66 publications

On the design of experiments based on plastic scintillators using GEANT4 simulations

On the design of experiments based on plastic scintillators using GEANT4 simulations

Synthesis of Green-Emitting Gd2O2S:Pr3+ Phosphor Nanoparticles and Fabrication of Translucent Gd2O2S:Pr3+ Scintillation Ceramics

Organic Scintillators

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