“…The tabulation of (pen/p)air given by Hubbell ( 1969) is convenient as it allows for the absorption in atmospheric argon which becomes significant a t low quantum energies. When the X-ray beam is incident normally on a layer of selenium of density p and thickness L, the fraction of the incident energy which is converted to kinetic energy of secondary electrons in the selenium and thus made available for charge carrier production is, to a close approximation (Ramm 1966),…”