SCLC: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Genetic Susceptibility, Molecular Pathology, Screening, and Early Detection

Wang, Qian; Gümüş, Zeynep H.; Colarossi, Cristina; Memeo, Lorenzo; Wang, Xintong; Kong, Chung Yin; Boffetta, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2022.10.002

Cited by 82 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…While SCLC and LCNEC tend to occur in older men with an history of heavy smoking, lung carcinoids tend to occur in women at a younger age, and they do not show a clearly defined association with smoking habits 1 . Relevantly, decreasing trends in smoking habits have translated into a steep decline of SCLC incidence, confirming the dangerous link between smoking and SCLC histotype 4,5 . During the first 10 years of the new millennium, a steady reduction of SCLC of 3.4% in males and 2.8% in females was observed in the United States, according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program (SEER) (https://seer.cancer.gov), probably driven by an overall 7.7% reduction in smoking prevalence in that country, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) 6…”

Section: Introduction To Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Terminology A...mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…1 Relevantly, decreasing trends in smoking habits have translated into a steep decline of SCLC incidence, confirming the dangerous link between smoking and SCLC histotype. 4,5 During the first 10 years of the new millennium, a steady reduction of SCLC of 3.4% in males and 2.8% in females was observed in the United States, according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program (SEER) (https://seer.cancer.gov), probably driven by an overall 7.7% reduction in smoking prevalence in that country, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). 6 With the exception of SCLC, the annual incidence of other lung NENs has been steadily increasing, probably attributable to the progressive ageing of the population, to the improvements of diagnostic techniques 4 and the greater awareness of these entities in the broader medical community.…”

Section: Introduction To Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Terminology A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Updates on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification

Vocino Trucco,

Righi,

Volante

et al. 2023

Histopathology

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Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary neoplasms showing different morphological patterns and clinical and biological characteristics. The World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of lung NENs has been recently updated as part of the broader attempt to uniform the classification of NENs. This much‐needed update has come at a time when insights from seminal molecular characterisation studies revolutionised our understanding of the biological and pathological architecture of lung NENs, paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic techniques, prognostic factors and therapeutic approaches. In this challenging and rapidly evolving landscape, the relevance of the 2021 WHO classification has been recently questioned, particularly in terms of its morphology‐orientated approach and its prognostic implications. Here, we provide a state‐of‐the‐art review on the contemporary understanding of pulmonary NEN morphology and the potential contribution of artificial intelligence, the advances in NEN molecular profiling with their impact on the classification system and, finally, the key current and upcoming prognostic factors.

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Section: Introduction To Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Terminology A...mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introduction To Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Terminology A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification

Vocino Trucco,

Righi,

Volante

et al. 2023

Histopathology

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“…2 School of Interdisciplinary Health Professions, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA. 3 University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA. 4 School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American Cancer Society estimates that 236,740 new lung cancers will be diagnosed in 2022, and this disease will claim the lives of more than 130,000 men and women [1]. Numerous studies have examined risk factors for lung cancer, with smoking being the single largest contributor to the disease [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Other established risk factors include age [12], secondhand smoke exposure [13], environmental exposures (radon [14], indoor and outdoor air pollution [15,16]), occupational exposures [17], diet [18], alcohol consumption [19], genetic predisposition [20], previous lung disease [21], and arsenic exposure [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and case study of a novel lung cancer risk index

et al. 2022

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Purpose This study constructs a lung cancer risk index (LCRI) that incorporates many modifiable risk factors using an easily reproducible and adaptable method that relies on publicly available data. Methods We used meta-analysis followed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to generate a lung cancer risk index (LCRI) that incorporates seven modifiable risk factors (active smoking, indoor air pollution, occupational exposure, alcohol consumption, secondhand smoke exposure, outdoor air pollution, and radon exposure) for lung cancer. Using county-level population data, we then performed a case study in which we tailored the LCRI for use in the state of Illinois (LCRIIL). Results For both the LCRI and the LCRIIL, active smoking had the highest weights (46.1% and 70%, respectively), whereas radon had the lowest weights (3.0% and 5.7%, respectively). The weights for alcohol consumption were 7.8% and 14.7% for the LCRI and the LCRIIL, respectively, and were 3.8% and 0.95% for outdoor air pollution. Three variables were only included in the LCRI: indoor air pollution (18.5%), occupational exposure (13.2%), and secondhand smoke exposure (7.6%). The Consistency Ratio (CR) was well below the 0.1 cut point. The LCRIIL was moderate though significantly correlated with age-adjusted lung cancer incidence (r = 0.449, P < 0.05) and mortality rates (r = 0.495, P < 0.05). Conclusion This study presents an index that incorporates multiple modifiable risk factors for lung cancer into one composite score. Since the LCRI allows data comprising the composite score to vary based on the location of interest, this measurement tool can be used for any geographic location where population-based data for individual risk factors exist. Researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals may utilize this framework to determine areas that are most in need of lung cancer-related interventions and resources.

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“…[1][2][3][4] SCLC is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for approximately 13% ~ 15% of all lung cancers. [5][6][7] Over the last 30 years, there has been only minimally significant breakthroughs in SCLC therapy. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms involved in SCLC tumorigenesis remain enigmatic and elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELAVL4 promotes the tumorigenesis of small cell lung cancer by stabilizing LncRNA LYPLAL1‐DT and enhancing profilin 2 activation

Li,

Lv,

Zhang

et al. 2023

The FASEB Journal

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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most malignant tumors that has an extremely poor prognosis. RNA‐binding protein (RBP) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be key regulators during tumorigenesis as well as lung tumor progression. However, the role of RBP ELAVL4 and lncRNA LYPLAL1‐DT in SCLC remains unclear. In this study, we verified that lncRNA LYPLAL1‐DT acts as an SCLC oncogenic lncRNA and was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LYPLAL1‐DT negatively regulates the expression of miR‐204‐5p, leading to the upregulation of PFN2, thus, promoting SCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ELAVL4 has been shown to enhance the stability of LYPLAL1‐DT and PFN2 mRNA. Our study reveals a regulatory pathway, where ELAVL4 stabilizes PFN2 and LYPLAL1‐DT with the latter further increasing PFN2 expression by blocking the action of miR‐204‐5p. Upregulated PFN2 ultimately promotes tumorigenesis and invasion in SCLC. These findings provide novel prognostic indicators as well as promising new therapeutic targets for SCLC.

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SCLC: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Genetic Susceptibility, Molecular Pathology, Screening, and Early Detection

Cited by 82 publications

References 154 publications

Updates on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification

Updates on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification

Construction and case study of a novel lung cancer risk index

ELAVL4 promotes the tumorigenesis of small cell lung cancer by stabilizing LncRNA LYPLAL1‐DT and enhancing profilin 2 activation

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