Scleral Reinforcement Through Host Tissue Integration with Biomimetic Enzymatically Degradable Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network

Su, Jionglong; Wall, Samuel; Healy, Kevin E.; Wildsoet, Christine F.

doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0488

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In our method, the eye is anchored in place via its limbus during testing, thereby avoiding damage to the sclera. In addition to its application here – as a tool to investigate the contribution of biomechanical changes in the sclera to the development of myopia, this method can be used to obtain insights into the efficacy of new myopia control treatments, including tissue engineering approaches specifically targeting the sclera (Su et al, 2009; Su et al 2010). In this context, the use of additional fiducial markers to divide the posterior eye wall potentially allows the characterization of local, regional differences in scleral deformation and one could envisage applying this technique to better characterize the efficacy of myopia control treatments targeting local ocular segments, and/or suspected of having localized effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact globe inflation testing of changes in scleral mechanics in myopia and recovery

Lewis

Garcia²,

Rani³

et al. 2014

Experimental Eye Research

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of myopia-inducing and myopia recovery conditions on the scleral biomechanics of enucleated eyes of young chicks. Enucleated eyes from 5-day old chicks, with fiducial markers attached at 5 locations on the external sclera, were placed in a custom-built chamber filled with phosphate-buffered saline, and subjected to controlled increments in intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP was initially ramped from 15 to 100 mmHg and then maintained at 100 mmHg for one hour, with eyes photographed at a rate of 0.1 Hz over the same period. There were two experimental groups, one in which chicks were monocularly form deprived for four days to induce myopia, and the other in which chicks were allowed two days of recovery from myopia induced by two days of form deprivation. For all chicks, the contralateral (fellow) eyes served as controls. Myopic eyes showed less initial deformation relative to their fellows, while no difference was recorded between recovering eyes and their fellows over the same time frame. With exposure to sustained elevated pressure, eyes in all groups displayed time-dependent changes in creep behavior, which included a linear region of secondary, steady creep. The creep deformation of myopic eyes was significantly higher than that of their fellows, consistent with results of previous studies using uniaxial loading of scleral strips. When allowed only 2 days to recover from induced myopia, previously myopic eyes continued to show increased creep deformation. Compared to results reported in studies involving scleral strips, our whole globe testing yielded higher values for creep rate. Whole globe inflation testing provides a viable, less anatomically disruptive and readily adaptable method for investigating scleral biomechanics than uniaxial tensile strip testing. Furthermore, our results suggest that elastic stretching does not contribute to the increased axial elongation underlying myopia in young chick eyes. They also confirm the very limited involvement of the sclera in the early recovery from myopia, reflecting the well documented lag in scleral versus choroidal recovery responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact globe inflation testing of changes in scleral mechanics in myopia and recovery

Lewis

Garcia²,

Rani³

et al. 2014

Experimental Eye Research

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“…38–40 Other exploratory treatments targeting the sclera involve collagen cross-linking procedures, of which some are already being applied clinically to stabilize corneas, and biopolymers designed as tissue scaffolds to support new ECM production and/or alter scleral remodeling. 41,42 …”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scleral Mechanisms Underlying Ocular Growth and Myopia

Metlapally

Wildsoet

2015

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

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In the regulation of ocular growth, scleral events critically determine eye size and thus the refractive status of the eye. Increased scleral matrix remodeling can lead to exaggerated eye growth causing myopia and additionally increased risk of ocular pathological complications. Thus, therapies targeting these changes in sclera hold potential to limit such complications since sclera represents a relatively safe and accessible drug target. Understanding the scleral molecular mechanisms underlying ocular growth is essential to identifying plausible therapeutic targets in the sclera. This section provides a brief update on molecular studies that pertain to the sclera in the context of ocular growth regulation and myopia.

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“…Sub-Tenon's injections or implants using a range of materials have been trialled as a means to strengthen the sclera and prevent myopia progression (71)(72)(73)(74). Scleral strengthening injections in rabbit eyes resulted in granulomatous inflammation that was slowly replaced by new collagen (71), which mirrors the effects of synthetic band scleral reinforcement (39).…”

Section: Other Physical Reinforcementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scleral remodelling in myopia and its manipulation: a review of recent advances in scleral strengthening and myopia control

Backhouse¹,

Gentle²

2018

Ann. Eye Sci

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The biological mechanisms of eye growth and refractive development are increasingly well characterised, a result of many careful studies that have been carried out over many years. As the outer coat of the eye, the sclera has the ultimate impact on the restraint or facilitation of eye growth, thus any changes in its biochemistry, ultrastructure, gross morphology and/or biomechanical properties are critical in refractive error development and, in particular, the development of myopia. The current review briefly revisits our basic understanding of the structure and biomechanics of the sclera and how these are regulated and modified during eye growth and myopia development. The review then applies this knowledge in considering recent advances in our understanding of how the mechanisms of scleral remodelling may be manipulated or controlled, in order to constrain eye growth and limit the development of myopia, in particular the higher degrees of myopia that lead to vision loss and blindness. In doing so, the review specifically considers recent approaches to the strengthening of the sclera, through collagen cross-linking, scleral transplantation, implantation or injection of biomaterials, or the direct therapeutic targeting and manipulation of the biochemical mechanisms known to be involved in myopia development. These latest approaches to the control of scleral changes in myopia are, where possible, placed in the context of our understanding of scleral biology, in order to bring a more complete understanding of current and future therapeutic interventions in myopia, and their consequences.

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Scleral Reinforcement Through Host Tissue Integration with Biomimetic Enzymatically Degradable Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Intact globe inflation testing of changes in scleral mechanics in myopia and recovery

Intact globe inflation testing of changes in scleral mechanics in myopia and recovery

Scleral Mechanisms Underlying Ocular Growth and Myopia

Scleral remodelling in myopia and its manipulation: a review of recent advances in scleral strengthening and myopia control

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