Sclerenchyma

Jarvis, Michael C.

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0002082.pub2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The development of sclerenchymatous tissues around the vessels prevents undue wilting in leaves. Sclerenchymatous tissues are adapted to withstand both compressive and tensile stresses in plants (Jarvis, 2012); they also give support to the conductive tissues for effective conduction of water and nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy of invasive and non-invasive species in the family Asteraceae in Nigeria

Folorunso¹,

Awosode²

2014

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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Comparative anatomical studies were conducted on two invasive species (Chromolaena odorata and Tithonia diversifolia) and two non-invasive species (Ageratum conyzoides and Aspilia africana) in the family Asteraceae in Nigeria. The aims are to study the anatomical characters of the invasive species and the noninvasive species with a view to report the anatomical characters in the invasive species responsible for invasiveness and also to correlate these characters with the functions they perform in the invasive species. The foliar and stem micromorphological study of the invasive and non-invasive species were undertaken using Light Microscope (LM). The occurrence of vessels in the pillar of the abundant sclerenchyma tissues are important component of the skeletal system in the invasive species. The prominent tiles of parenchymatous cells for effective conduction of water and nutrients; the occurrence of various vessel types: short and long together with wide and narrow vessels for water conservation and reduced vulnerability of stem to cavitations; the long but coiled trichomes for effective light piping; high stomata sizes with low stomatal index to reduce excessive evaporation that might lead to desiccation and severe disruption of photosynthetic function; all these among others are the characters reported for the invasive species and they are responsible for their aggressiveness and xerophytic nature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy of invasive and non-invasive species in the family Asteraceae in Nigeria

Folorunso¹,

Awosode²

2014

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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“…Sclerenchyma cells contain mostly polymers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are primarily composed of carbon and oxygen [46,47]. The amorphous silica is composed of silicon and oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally graded structures in the involucre of Job’s tears

Kuwada,

Ishii

2024

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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Nature is filled with materials that are both strong and light, such as bones, teeth, bamboo, seashells, arthropod exoskeletons, and nut shells. The insights gained from analyzing the changing chemical compositions and structural characteristics, as well as the mechanical properties of these materials, have been applied in developing innovative, durable, and lightweight materials like those used for impact absorption. This research concentrates on the involucres of Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi), which are rich in silica, hard, and serve to encase the seeds. The chemical composition and structural characteristics of involucres were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and optical microscopy with safranin staining. The hardness of the outer and inner surfaces of the involucre was measured using the micro-Vickers hardness test, and the Young’s modulus of the involucre's cross-section was measured using nanoindentation. Additionally, the breaking behavior of involucres was measured through compression test and three-point bending tests. The results revealed a smooth transition in chemical composition, as well as in the orientation and dimensions of the tissues from the outer to the inner layers of involucres. Furthermore, it was estimated that the spatial gradient of the Young's modulus is due to the gradient of silica deposition. By distributing the hard, brittle silica in the outer layer and elastoplastic organic components in the middle and inner layers, the involucres effectively respond to compressive and tensile stresses that occur when loads are applied to the outside of the involucre. Furthermore, the involucres are reinforced in both meridional and equatorial directions by robust fibrovascular bundles, fibrous bundles, and the inner layer's sclerenchyma fibers. From these factors, it was found that involucres exhibit high toughness against loads from outside, making it less prone to cracking.

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“…The presence of sclerenchyma cells around the vascular bundle can be used to differentiate the samples from different locations. Sclerenchyma cells are important for mechanical functions and can provide strength for the plant (Jarvis 2012). Layers of collenchyma cells are also present in all species studied.…”

Section: Leaf Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf characters of black betel (Piper betle L. var. nigra) in varying natural and man-made habitats

et al. 2023

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Abstract. Kuswandi PC, Ariyanti NA, Yunus MF, Amri CNAC. 2023. Anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf characters of black betel (Piper betleL. var. nigra) in varying natural and man-made habitats. Biodiversitas 24: 3236-3244. Piper betle L. var. nigra or black betel (known as Sirih hitam in Indonesia) contains valuable secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carotenoids, steroids and terpenoids. Black betel leaf extract has been shown to have antimicrobial activity thus there is a prospect to be developed as a promising herbal plant. Nevertheless, little information is available about its development as a medicinal plant. This research studies the influence of different habitats on several characters of black betel leaves with the aim to understand the suitable environmental conditions for the optimum growth of black betel plants. We used a survey method and random sampling of black betel leaves in four locations in Java Island, Indonesia, namely Banyuwangi which represents natural habitat, and Karanganyar, Ngaglik and Pakem which represent man-made habitats. Measurements of temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light intensity were carried out at each location. Analyses of leaf area, leaf water content, total leaf chlorophyll content and flavonoid content were undertaken and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Leaf transverse sections were also observed. The results showed that the environmental parameters differed in the four locations. Leaves samples from the natural habitat in Banyuwangi were significantly different (P<0.05) from the three man-made habitats for chlorophyll and flavonoid content. For water content, significant difference was only for Banyuwangi samples with those from Karanganyar and Pakem. For leaf area, significant difference was only found between the Banyuwangi samples and Karanganyar. Observations on the transverse cross section of midrib of black betel leaves from the four locations showed structures that are generally found in Piper betle species, namely the presence of an epidermal layer, trichomes in the abaxial part of the leaf, several layers of the hypodermis, visible vascular tissue and the presence of secretion cells. There were several differences in the leaf anatomy such as greater number of trichomes on the leaves from Karanganyar, the secretory cells that were more visible in the leaves from Ngaglik and Banyuwangi and the sclerenchymal tissue that was more visible in the leaves from Banyuwangi. Such differences are likely influenced by variations in environmental parameters thus showing that the man-made habitat in the Karanganyar location can affect leaves characters similar to black betel plant grown in its natural habitat in Banyuwangi.

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Sclerenchyma

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative anatomy of invasive and non-invasive species in the family Asteraceae in Nigeria

Comparative anatomy of invasive and non-invasive species in the family Asteraceae in Nigeria

Functionally graded structures in the involucre of Job’s tears

Anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf characters of black betel (Piper betle L. var. nigra) in varying natural and man-made habitats

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