Scleroderma areolatum ectomycorrhiza on Fagus sylvatica L.

Abstract

Despite its broad host range and distribution and its potential applications in commercial plantation forests, comprehensive descriptions of Scleroderma ectomycorrhizae are available only for Scleroderma citrinum, Scleroderma bovista and Scleroderma sinnamariense. This study provides a morphological and anatomical description of tree nursery derived ectomycorrhizae of Scleroderma areolatum on Fagus sylvatica, grown for several years in a climatized room. Ectomycorrhizae of S. areolatum were silvery white with abundant rhizomorphs; all mantle layers were plectenchymatous, rhizomorphs of type E, with prominent emanating hyphae with thick cell wall. The distal ends of emanating hyphae of rhizomorphs were inflated and often merged with other emanating hyphae. All parts of the mycorrhiza were clampless. In hyphae of the outer mantle layer, rhizomorphs and emanating hyphae, oily droplets were observed that did not stain in sulfo-vanillin and disappeared in lactic acid after a few hours. Although the phylogenetic analysis positioned the newly described ectomycorrhiza together with Scleroderma verrucosum and Scleroderma cepa in a single clade with a taxon name SH005470.07FU, the ectomycorrhizae of these three species can be morphologically well separated based on rhizomorph type.

Scleroderma meridionale ectomycorrhizae on Halimium halimifolium: expanding the Mediterranean symbiotic repertoire

“…Based on these results and on the outcomes of recent phylogenetic studies on Scleroderma (Phosri et al 2009;Rusevska et al 2014;Mrak et al 2016), sequences were retrieved from GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/) and UNITE (http://unite.ut.ee/) databases for a comparative phylogenetic analysis. After excluding the ambiguous regions at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the chromatograms, sequences were edited using BioEdit v. 7.2.5 (Hall 1999) and aligned with MAFFT programme (https://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/ software/) using the E-INS-i aligning strategy (Katoh et al 2005).…”

“…About 25 species are currently recognized (Kirk et al 2008), although much work on the delimitation of taxa and their phylogenetic relationships is still ongoing (Phosri et al 2009;Wilson et al 2012;Rusevska et al 2014), and so is the identification of new species (Baseia et al 2016;Crous et al 2016). Species of Scleroderma establish ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis with a range of coniferous and non-coniferous trees and shrubs, both in temperate and tropical regions, with little tendency to host specificity (Jeffries 1999;Mrak et al 2016). It has been suggested that the ectomycorrhizal generalist habit has facilitated the wide distribution of Scleroderma and other Sclerodermatineae groups (Wilson et al 2012).…”

“…It has been suggested that the ectomycorrhizal generalist habit has facilitated the wide distribution of Scleroderma and other Sclerodermatineae groups (Wilson et al 2012). In addition to field-based observations, the relatively easy laboratory synthesis of Scleroderma ectomycorrhizae with a number of hosts and the frequent occurrence of such symbiotic interactions in plant nurseries (hereafter defined as semi-natural ectomycorrhizal symbioses) have been reported (Richter and Bruhn 1989;Ingleby 1999;Jeffries 1999;Rinaldi et al 2008;Comandini et al 2012b;Wilson et al 2012;Mrak et al 2016), indirectly confirming the broad host-range of the genus and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-018-0548-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. supporting its use in many studies focused on the inoculation of trees for reforestation programs (Jeffries 1999).…”

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi as Biofertilizers in Forestry

“…Sometimes morphoanatomical-based taxonomy is not well supported by molecular taxonomy. To overcome such discrepancy, the combined approach of morphoanatomical and molecular characterization of ectomycorrhizas in combination with phylogeny was applied [12].…”

Identificación de Scleroderma citrinum Pers en una plantación de almendros de la ciudad de Villa Alemana, Chile.

“…Es de distribución gregaria o cespitosa, epigeo en el suelo o humus con musgos, a veces en la madera podrida (6). En el mundo se ha asociado a los géneros Castanea, Quercus, Fagus, Nothofagus y Pinus (7). Su uso culinario es discutido, siendo consumido en algunos países de Europa del este.…”