discuss the possible mechanisms by which vitamin D may have a therapeutic role in managing a variety of infections.In the second article Pisit Pitukcheewanont et al. 2 take a look at the interaction of skin and pancreas. They report an interesting case with Scleroderma-like skin changes (early morphea-type skin changes of the trunk and extremities) not involving the hand in a prepubertal male with type I diabetes mellitus. The authors explain that, to their knowledge there have been no reports of sclerodermalike skin changes, not affecting the hand in prepubertal patients with type I diabetes mellitus.In the following paper, Shwetha Thukuntla and Pratima Kumar 3 report on the effects of androgens on the skin. They present an interesting case with improvement of venous leg ulcers with androgen replacement therapy in a patient with undiagnosed Klinefelter syndrome.In the fourth article, Fatme Al Anouti et al. 4 demonstrate and discuss their surprising findings on vitamin D deficiency and sun avoidance among university students at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. They convincingly show that vitamin D deficiency could be a major public health burden among young Emirati adults, mostly because of sun deprivation in a sun-blessed country. Their study included a random sample of 138 females and 70 males tested for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status. To further evaluate the predictors of vitamin D status in this population, the authors examined diet, obesity and sun exposure. In summer, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration for females was 20.9 ± 14.9 nmol/L, whereas that for males was 27.3 ± 15.7 nmol/L. Females scored significantly higher than males on the sun avoidance inventory (SAI), indicating that females avoid sun exposure to a greater extent than males, possibly explaining the lower vitamin D status. Moreover, the authors reported that a significant negative correlation also existed between SAI and vitamin D status (Pearson's r = -0.33; p < 0.01), but no significant association was evident between vitamin D status and body mass index (Pearson's r = 0.03; p = 0.33) or low dietary intake of vitamin D-fortified foods (Pearson's r = 0.08; p = 0.13). The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration for females tested in winter was 31.3 ± 12.3 nmol/L while in the summer, it was 20.9 ± 14.9 nmol/L. This difference was statistically significant, suggesting that seasonal variation plays an important role in vitamin D status in the United Arab Emirates. The authors concluded that fortification of foods and drinks with vitamin D, supplementation and sensible sun exposure are important steps toward minimizing vitamin D deficiency.In the following article, Jörg Dötsch 5 analyzes the association of low birth weight, bone metabolism and fracture risk. HeThe human skin is a fascinating organ, representing both the site of production of a multitude of different hormones and an important target tissue for their pleiotropic biologic effects. Correlatives for many of the classical endocrine pathways, including parathyroid hormone relate...