Sclerotial Survival and Apothecial Production by<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>Following Outbreaks of Lettuce Drop

Ben‐Yephet, Y.; Genizi, A.; Siti, E.

doi:10.1094/phyto-83-509

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The sclerotial rind is composed of a layer of dark-walled globose cells two to six cells thick. S. sclerotiorum can survive in soil as sclerotia for up to 10 years (Ben-Yephet et al, 1993). Occasionally, it also may survive as active mycelium in living or dead plants.…”

Section: Cottony Rotmentioning

confidence: 76%

Integrated Approaches for Carrot Pests and Diseases Management

Davis¹,

Nu≁ez

2007

General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management

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Integrated approaches to the management of the main carrot diseases are reviewed, with particular attention to symptoms and field practices. Diseases caused by bacteria, foliar damages caused by fungi and parasitism by soil-borne fungi are described, together with the most important postharvest diseases. Management aiming at reducing the crop losses and damages induced by viruses, phytoplasmas and nematodes are also discussed.

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Section: Cottony Rotmentioning

confidence: 76%

Integrated Approaches for Carrot Pests and Diseases Management

Davis¹,

Nu≁ez

2007

General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management

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“…They studied fields where S. sclerotiorum caused lettuce drop and found that 31% of sclerotia heavier than 14 mg produced apothecia, with nearly one-half of those producing multiple apothecia. Lighter sclerotia produced fewer apothecia but were recovered in a greater proportion several years after the outbreak of lettuce drop (Ben-Yephet et al 1993). In our study, the mean mass of sclerotia was at least 14 mg for all isolates tested on celery and up to 90 mg for isolate H on carrot, which suggests that apothecia production is likely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…The mass of sclerotia can influence the type of germination and length of survival. Ben-Yephet et al (1993) reported that heavier sclerotia more often germinate carpogenically to produce apothecia. They studied fields where S. sclerotiorum caused lettuce drop and found that 31% of sclerotia heavier than 14 mg produced apothecia, with nearly one-half of those producing multiple apothecia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential production of sclerotia by isolates ofSclerotinia sclerotiorumfrom Alaska

Leiner

Winton

2006

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was isolated from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in Alaska. Sections of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and lettuce were inoculated with isolates A and B. Sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum were counted and weighed after the host tissue decomposed. Isolate A produced a mean of 42 sclerotia weighing 1.9 g on 100 g of cabbage 'Balbro', which was twice the number of sclerotia and triple the biomass produced by isolate B. On three cultivars of lettuce, isolate A had a greater mass and a similar number of sclerotia compared with isolate B. Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) and celery (Apium graveolens) were also inoculated to measure production of sclerotia. Differences between isolates of S. sclerotiorum were less pronounced on carrot and celery, but the difference between hosts was significant. The mean mass of sclerotia for isolate A was 73 mg on carrot and 18 mg on celery. Isolates A and B were distinct in the rDNA intergenic spacer sequences. Isolate A had identical sequences to those reported for some isolates from United States and Canada, whereas isolate B matched different isolates from United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Both isolates belong to a relatively recently evolved group exhibiting significant associations between genotype and both geography and host species. In agricultural fields, one infection of S. sclerotiorum on lettuce or cabbage can produce hundreds of new sclerotia that may affect levels of disease in future years. Cultural control can include minimizing the amount of sclerotia on crop residue by disking soon after harvest. Résumé :Le Sclerotinia sclerotiorum a été isolé de laitues (Lactuca sativa) cultivées en Alaska. Des sections de chou (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) et de laitue ont été inoculées avec les isolats A et B. Les sclérotes de S. sclerotiorum ont été comptées et pesées après la décomposition des tissus de l'hôte. L'isolat A a produit, en moyenne, 42 sclérotes pesant 1,9 g par 100 g de chou 'Balbro', ce qui est deux fois le nombre de sclérotes et trois fois la biomasse produits par l'isolat B. Avec trois cultivars de laitue, l'isolat A a produit une plus grande masse que l'isolat B, mais un nombre semblable de sclérotes. Afin de mesurer la production de sclérotes, des carottes (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) et du céleri (Apium graveolens) ont aussi été inoculés. Les différences entre les isolats de S. sclerotiorum étaient moins grandes avec la carotte et le céleri, mais les différences entre les hôtes étaient significatives. La masse moyenne des sclérotes de l'isolat A était de 73 mg avec la carotte et de 18 mg avec le céleri. Les séquences des espaceurs intergéniques d'ADNr étaient différentes pour les isolats A et B. L'isolat A avait des séquences identiques à celles publiées pour certains isolats des États-Unis et du Canada, alors que l'isolat B correspondait à d'autres isolats des États-Unis, du Canada et de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Les deux isolats appartiennent à un groupe qui a évolué relativement récemment et pour lequel sont observé...

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“…Other researchers also demonstrated that, in vitro , different isolates of both S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum produced different numbers and weights of sclerotia under the same conditions (Akram et al ., ; Li et al ., ; Vleugels et al ., ). Furthermore, it has been shown that larger S. sclerotiorum sclerotia tend to produce more apothecia than smaller ones and are also more likely to germinate (Ben‐Yephet et al ., ; Dillard et al ., ; Hao et al ., ; Warmington & Clarkson, ). However, these studies used sclerotia produced on a single crop type (lettuce; Ben‐Yephet et al ., ), or on detached potato tubers (Hao et al ., ) or produced artificially in vitro (Dillard et al ., ; Warmington & Clarkson, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inoculum potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia depends on isolate and host plant

et al. 2018

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The soilborne fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects many important crop plants. Central to the success of this pathogen is the production of sclerotia, which enables survival in soil and constitutes the primary inoculum. This study aimed to determine how crop plant type and S. sclerotiorum isolate impact sclerotial production and germination and hence inoculum potential. Three S. sclerotiorum isolates (L6, L17, L44) were used to inoculate plants of bean, carrot, lettuce, oilseed rape (OSR) and potato, and the number and weight of sclerotia per plant quantified. Carpogenic germination of sclerotia collected from different hosts was also assessed for L6. Production of sclerotia was dependent on both crop plant type and S. sclerotiorum isolate, with OSR and lettuce supporting the greatest number (42–122) and weight (1.6–3.0 g) of sclerotia per plant. The largest sclerotia were produced on OSR (33–66 mg). The three S. sclerotiorum isolates exhibited a consistent pattern of sclerotial production irrespective of crop type; L6 produced large numbers of small sclerotia while L44 produced smaller numbers of large sclerotia, with L17 intermediate between the two. Germination rate and percentage was greatest for larger sclerotia (4.0–6.7 mm) and also varied between host plants. Combining sclerotial production data and typical field crop densities suggested that infected carrot and OSR could produce the greatest number (3944 m−2) and weight (73 g m−2) of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia, respectively, suggesting these crops potentially contribute a greater increase in inoculum. This information, once further validated in field trials, could be used to inform future crop rotation decisions.

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Sclerotial Survival and Apothecial Production bySclerotinia sclerotiorumFollowing Outbreaks of Lettuce Drop

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Integrated Approaches for Carrot Pests and Diseases Management

Integrated Approaches for Carrot Pests and Diseases Management

Differential production of sclerotia by isolates ofSclerotinia sclerotiorumfrom Alaska

Inoculum potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia depends on isolate and host plant

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