ScoC and SinR Negatively Regulate<i>epr</i>by Corepression in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Kodgire, Prashant; Dixit, Madhulika; Rao, K. Krishnamurthy

doi:10.1128/jb.00427-06

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In B. subtilis, the sinR regulon is composed of at least 35 genes (3,15,16,35,37,40,42,45,47,48,65). Eighteen of these genes were revealed in a transcriptional profiling experiment comparing sinR-to sinI-null mutants during the exponential phase of growth (15).…”

Section: Fig 2 Sinr-controlled Transcriptome Of B Anthracis (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sin locus (sporulation inhibitor) was originally described for Bacillus subtilis as a component of the sporulation cascade. Subsequent studies revealed that in addition to negatively regulating several genes involved in sporulation, SinR also regulates motility, competency, proteolysis, and biofilm formation genes in B. subtilis (3,15,16,35,37,40,42,45,48,65). The SinR protein binds a conserved DNA sequence upstream of the translational start site of target genes to either positively or negatively control transcription.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bacillus anthracis sinLocus and Regulation of Secreted Proteases

2011

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Bacillus anthracis shares many regulatory loci with the nonpathogenic Bacillus species Bacillus subtilis. One such locus is sinIR, which in B. subtilis controls sporulation, biofilm formation, motility, and competency. As B. anthracis is not known to be motile, to be naturally competent, or to readily form biofilms, we hypothesized that the B. anthracis sinIR regulon is distinct from that of B. subtilis. A genome-wide expression microarray analysis of B. anthracis parental and sinR mutant strains indicated limited convergence of the B. anthracis and B. subtilis SinR regulons. The B. anthracis regulon includes homologues of some B. subtilis SinR-regulated genes, including the signal peptidase gene sipW near the sinIR locus and the sporulation gene spoIIE. The B. anthracis SinR protein also negatively regulates transcription of genes adjacent to the sinIR locus that are unique to the Bacillus cereus group species. These include calY and inhA1, structural genes for the metalloproteases camelysin and immune inhibitor A1 (InhA1), which have been suggested to be associated with virulence in B. cereus and B. anthracis, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed direct binding of B. anthracis SinR to promoter DNA from strongly regulated genes, such as calY and sipW, but not to the weakly regulated inhA1 gene. Assessment of camelysin and InhA1 levels in culture supernates from sinR-, inhA1-, and calY-null mutants showed that the concentration of InhA1 in the culture supernatant is inversely proportional to the concentration of camelysin. Our data are consistent with a model in which InhA1 protease levels are controlled at the transcriptional level by SinR and at the posttranslational level by camelysin.

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Section: Fig 2 Sinr-controlled Transcriptome Of B Anthracis (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Bacillus anthracis sinLocus and Regulation of Secreted Proteases

2011

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“…A possible explanation is that CodY regulates the expression of a second regulator of the protease genes. In fact, both aprE and nprE are directly repressed by ScoC (12,16,18,23,37,38), a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator, which also controls expression of a minor extracellular protease (Epr), oligopeptide permeases, and other proteins (16,(39)(40)(41)(42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interplay of CodY and ScoC in the Regulation of Major Extracellular Protease Genes of Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2016

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AprE and NprE are two major extracellular proteases in Bacillus subtilis whose expression is directly regulated by several pleiotropic transcriptional factors, including AbrB, DegU, ScoC, and SinR. In cells growing in a rich, complex medium, the aprE and nprE genes are strongly expressed only during the post-exponential growth phase; mutations in genes encoding the known regulators affect the level of post-exponential-phase gene expression but do not permit high-level expression during the exponential growth phase. Using DNA-binding assays and expression and mutational analyses, we have shown that the genes for both exoproteases are also under strong, direct, negative control by the global transcriptional regulator CodY. However, because CodY also represses scoC, little or no derepression of aprE and nprE was seen in a codY null mutant due to overexpression of scoC. Thus, CodY is also an indirect positive regulator of these genes by limiting the synthesis of a second repressor. In addition, in cells growing under conditions that activate CodY, a scoC null mutation had little effect on aprE or nprE expression; full effects of scoC or codY null mutations could be seen only in the absence of the other regulator. However, even the codY scoC double mutant did not show high levels of aprE and nprE gene expression during exponential growth phase in a rich, complex medium. Only a third mutation, in abrB, allowed such expression. Thus, three repressors can contribute to reducing exoprotease gene expression during growth in the presence of excess nutrients. IMPORTANCEThe major Bacillus subtilis exoproteases, AprE and NprE, are important metabolic enzymes whose genes are subject to complex regulation by multiple transcription factors. We show here that expression of the aprE and nprE genes is also controlled, both directly and indirectly, by CodY, a global transcriptional regulator that responds to the intracellular pools of amino acids. Direct CodY-mediated repression explains a long-standing puzzle, that is, why exoproteases are not produced when cells are growing exponentially in a medium containing abundant quantities of proteins or their degradation products. Indirect regulation of aprE and nprE through CodY-mediated repression of the scoC gene, encoding another pleiotropic repressor, serves to maintain a significant level of repression of exoprotease genes when CodY loses activity. Bacillus subtilis produces at least eight extracellular or cell wallassociated proteases (1, 2). The alkaline serine protease subtilisin (AprE) and the neutral metalloprotease NprE, commonly referred to as the major exoproteases, account for ϳ95% of the total extracellular protease activity of B. subtilis (3). Even though the major function of AprE and NprE is thought to be supplying amino acids for growth via degradation of extracellular proteins, they have also been ascribed other physiological roles. AprE is involved in the production of two quorum-sensing signaling peptides (PhrA and CSF) (4), processing of the peptide antibiot...

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“…Several alternate developmental pathways genes e.g. spoO and other genes were reported to be involved in sensing environmental changes due to homology with effector's or sensor class of proteins of the two-component system [24]. Besides, cloning and characterization of sinR gene involved in controlling many late growth developmental processes have been reported and demonstrated the effect on competency [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Identification of SinR Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Nitrogen Fixing Bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Khan¹,

Sharma²,

Kumar³

et al. 2009

TOBIOIJ

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SinR is a transcription factor which controls expression of stress tolerance sin genes related to alternate development processes under stress condition. Identification of genome wide SinR-box motif and their regulated genes has not been worked out yet in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. For this, a weight matrix of 9 bp was developed from the known promoter sequences of Bacillus subtilis, which was then used for genome wide identification of co-regulated genes. The methodology first involves phylogenetic footprinting of SinR regulated genes and then construction of scoring matrix through 'Consensus' and confirmation through MEME & D-Matrix tools. Genomic prediction was done through 'Patser' program and confirmation through 'PossumSearch' program in Linux system. Results showed that all the 371 predicted genes belongs to 9 different functional classes, in which 221 found in operons with more than 80% Sin-box motif similarity. Similar approach can be used in other bacteria to explore hidden genomic regulatory network.

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ScoC and SinR Negatively Regulateeprby Corepression inBacillus subtilis

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Bacillus anthracis sinLocus and Regulation of Secreted Proteases

Bacillus anthracis sinLocus and Regulation of Secreted Proteases

Interplay of CodY and ScoC in the Regulation of Major Extracellular Protease Genes of Bacillus subtilis

Genomic Identification of SinR Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Nitrogen Fixing Bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum

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