Scoliosis in Children with Pectus Excavatum and Pectus Carinatum

Pectus Deformities: Is Kirschner Use Sufficient for Sternal Stabilization?

“…They are seen in one in every 300 -400 live births [3]. A genetic relation has not been identified; however, it is assessed as a congenital deformity since a family history is present in approximately 40% of the cases with the deformity [8][9][10][11]. In four of our patients (9.75%), a family or descent history of a case with deformity was present.…”

Chest Wall Deformities: An Overview on Classification and Surgical Options

“…Collagen type II disorders have been demonstrated in the costal cartilages in PE (Feng et al, 2001), as well as overexpression or downregulations of some genes playing a role in the metabolism of cartilage and connective tissues, as collagen genes, matrix metalloproteinases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and filamin PE patients have often a typical aspect: they are slim and tall, with some degree of joint laxity, rounded shoulders with a kyphotic habit and a "pot belly" (Colombani, 2009). The association with scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis, reported in about 15%-50% of cases (Frick, 2000;Waters et al, 1989), sometimes represents a matter of concern for the patients and families, however spine deformities almost never represent a serious clinical problem and usually do not require any treatment (Waters et al, 1989). Cardiac anomalies are only seldom associated with PE, but mitral valve prolapse is frequent (Kotzot & Schwabegger, 2009).…”

Clinical Characteristics and Thoracic factors in patients with Idiopathic and Syndromic Scoliosis Associated with Pectus Excavatum

“…Furthermore, pectus excavatum is frequently associated with heritable disorders of the connective tissue, such as Marfan syndrome in which almost half the patients have pectus excavatum and a large number have scoliosis [11][12][13][14][15] . However, to our knowledge, although a few studies have reported on the clinical characteristics of patients having both scoliosis and pectus excavatum, they do not give a detailed discussion and the degree of scoliosis is not severe 6,8,9,16,17) . The purpose of this study is to demonstrate clinical features and thoracic factors, such as sternal tilt angle and Haller index, in patients that have idiopathic or syndromic scoliosis associated with pectus excavatum.…”

“…The pathogenesis of pectus excavatum is unknown, but it appears to be polygenetic following autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or sporadic patterns of inheritance 3,4) . Several studies on pectus excavatum patients evaluated the coexistence of scoliosis and concluded that the rate of scoliosis in patients with pectus excavatum was higher than the rate in the general population [5][6][7][8][9] . Gurnett CA et al found that adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and pectus excavatum may have a similar genetic etiology, and the prevalence of scoliosis among pectus excavatum patients is higher than the prevalence within the general population 10) .…”