Scolytids (Coleoptera) on Snowfields Above Timberline in Oregon and Washington

Furniss, Malcolm M.; Furniss, R. L.

doi:10.4039/ent1041471-9

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In that study, the authors document beetle emergence and beetle above-canopy flight using field measurements, direct in-situ (via aircraft capture) observation and clear sky returns from a weather radar. Their research supports earlier finding that suggest fair-weather convection provides a mechanism for lofting beetles above the forest canopy, and they speculate about the effectiveness of abovecanopy winds in dispersing beetles over long distances (Safranyik et al 1989;Furniss and Furniss 1972). In this paper, we use the J08-observed clearair radar returns to initialize a series of back trajectories in order to study MPB above-canopy flight behavior.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Ainslie

Jackson

2010

Aerobiologia

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Above-canopy, wind-assisted mountain pine beetle (MPB) dispersion in British Columbia (BC) is examined during the summer 2005 beetle emergence period. Above-canopy dispersion is simulated by the HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion model using back trajectories started from locations identified by clear-air returns from the Prince George BC weather radar station. The dispersion calculations are carried out over the 10 days showing the highest intensity of clear-air returns from the 2005 emergence season. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is used to simulate the meteorological conditions during each of the 10 emergence days. Cumulative clear-air returns throughout each emergence day are used to estimate the distribution of beetle emergence times and atmospheric residence times. Evaluation of the WRF model output is presented using both surface and upper air observations. Evaluation of the HYSPLIT model is performed through a comparison of the vertical distribution of MPB observed in a previous study. A secondary HYSPLIT evaluation is performed using aerial surveys taken during the following summer (2006), which identify the previous years' beetleinfested regions. Beetle flight distances from the time of beetle emergence to the time of peak clear-air returns are calculated for each trajectory, and the distribution of all flight distances is presented. The mean back trajectory distance is 20.2 km with a standard deviation of 13.6 km. These values represent the MPB flight distance during half of the beetle atmospheric residence time, and typical daily windassisted dispersion distances would be expected to be roughly double this value. Mean beetle residence time in the atmosphere over the 10 emergence events is found to be 3.2 h.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Ainslie

Jackson

2010

Aerobiologia

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“…Patches in a fragmented landscape will be more exposed to warmer temperatures and direct solar radiation that can trigger an earlier-than-normal emergence, resulting in a longer flight period for the population and subsequently increasing their chances of finding a susceptible host. Increased tree exposure to solar radiation could also potentially assist beetle survival during the winter months when the larvae survival is directly related to the duration of cold lethal temperatures [54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Patterns of Mountain Pine Beetle-Caused Tree Mortality

Bone

White

Wulder

et al. 2013

Forests

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Abstract:The current outbreak of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, has led to extensive tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States. While the greatest impacts of the outbreak have been in British Columbia, ongoing impacts are expected as the outbreak continues to spread eastward towards Canada's boreal and eastern pine forests. Successful mitigation of this outbreak is dependent on understanding how the beetle's host selection behaviour is influenced by the patchwork of tree mortality across the landscape. While several studies have shown that selective mechanisms operate at the individual tree level, less attention has been given to beetles' preference for variation in spatial forest patterns, namely forest fragmentation, and if such preference changes with changing population conditions. The objective of this study is to explore the influence of fragmentation on the location of mountain pine beetle caused mortality. Using a negative binomial regression model, we tested the significance of a fragmentation measure called the Aggregation Index for predicting beetle-caused tree mortality in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada in 2000 and 2005. The results explain that mountain pine beetle OPEN ACCESSForests 2013, 4 280 exhibit a density-dependent dynamic behaviour related to forest patterns, with fragmented forests experiencing greater tree mortality when beetle populations are low (2000). Conversely, more contiguous forests are preferred when populations reach epidemic levels (2005). These results reinforce existing findings that bark beetles exhibit a strong host configuration preference at low population levels and that such pressures are relaxed when beetle densities are high.

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“…fair-weather days needed for Scolytid flight (Chapman, 1962;Safranyik et al, 1989). Furniss and Furniss ( 1972) hypothesized that these currents could sweep up Scolytids in flight and move them above the stand canopy; data support this conjecture (Schmid et al, 1992). Though the majority of dispersing MPB~ fly just above the undergrowth.…”

Section: The M Echanism S Behi11d Lo11g Distatlce Mf'll Disp Ersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lack of long distance MPB dispersal data has limited our understanding of the development of the current epidemic (Furniss and Furniss, 1972;Safranyik et al, 1992;Safranyik and Carroll, 2006). The effectiveness of MPB outbreak management has also been affected (Safranyik eta!., 1989;Robertson eta!., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microsatellite analysis of the western Canadian mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic: phylogeography and long distance dispersal patterns

Bartell¹

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The mountain pine beetle (MPB) is an eruptive insect that is currently causing an outbreak of record size in Western Canada. A lack of long distance MPB dispersal data has limited our understanding of and ability to manage MPB epidemics. My goal was to determine the MPBs Western Canadmn population structure. upon wh1ch d1spersal patterns may be supenmposed. I analyzed MPBs from 35 mfested lodgepole pine stands at six microsatellite loc1. The MPB exh1bited strong and s1gmticant Western Canadian population structure. Th1~ population ~tructure wa~ mcongruent w1th the structure of its primary symbiont. 0. £ hn igerwn. but congruent \\1 ith the structure of 1ts primary host, P.contorta. Novel fungal selection pres~ure~ ha"Ve probably caused the discrepancy in beetle/fungus phylogeography. A result of Western Canadmn MPB population structure alternately contrasts and supports population structure~ previou~ly reported for Scolytids, including MPBs. The partitioning of MPB populatiOn structure into a Northern and Southern group is most likely the result of postglacial recolonization and differences in MPB population dynamics. Primarily using my genetic data, I inferred the historical movement patterns of the MPB in Western Canada. I found no evidence that the epidemic spread from an epicenter in Tweedsmuir Provincial Park. My data support multiple sources for the current epidemic; I suggest that regional population expansions have caused the rapid escalation in the severity of the current epidemic. MPB movement patterns and atmospheric wind data were concordant; winds in Western Canada are predominantly westerly or southwesterly. which was the predominant direction of inferred movements amo ng MPB populations. In contrast, current MPB population structure best fits a 30-year climatic suitabi lity distribution for a historical as II opposed to the most current ( 1971 -2000) period. The population genetics of long distance MPB dispersal. an evolutionary theory for MPB population dynamics. and MPB "range expansion" are extensively d1scussed. Potential biases and research limitations are noted. Based on my results and inferences. future areas of investigation are noted.An executive summary. with management recommendations. is prov1ded as a conclusion.

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Scolytids (Coleoptera) on Snowfields Above Timberline in Oregon and Washington

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Investigation into mountain pine beetle above-canopy dispersion using weather radar and an atmospheric dispersion model

Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Patterns of Mountain Pine Beetle-Caused Tree Mortality

A microsatellite analysis of the western Canadian mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic: phylogeography and long distance dispersal patterns

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