Scoping review of the dietary intake of children with chronic kidney disease

Melhuish, Erin; Lindeback, Rachel; Lambert, Kelly

doi:10.1007/s00467-021-05389-x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…High-fat Western diets, irregular meal patterns, reduced vegetable consumption and inadequate fiber intake determine the risk of pediatric obesity. Energy intake seems to affect fat mass in CKD patients [ 41 ] and current literature data suggest a tendency toward an imbalanced diet lifestyle [ 42 ]. Although in earlier studies caloric intake appeared reduced in CKD patients [ 43 , 44 ], recent data from the “CKiD” registry indicated that caloric consumption surpassed the recommended intake in all age groups and was comparable to that of healthy populations [ 45 ].…”

Section: Trends In Malnutrition Patterns and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition Patterns in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

Karava

Dotis

Kondou

et al. 2023

Life

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Malnutrition is frequent in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Apart from undernutrition and protein energy wasting (PEW), overnutrition prevalence is rising, resulting in fat mass accumulation. Sedentary behavior and unbalanced diet are the most important causal factors. Both underweight and obesity are linked to adverse outcomes regarding renal function, cardiometabolic risk and mortality rate. Muscle wasting is the cornerstone finding of PEW, preceding fat loss and may lead to fatigue, musculoskeletal decline and frailty. In addition, clinical data emphasize the growing occurrence of muscle mass and strength deficits in patients with fat mass accumulation, attributed to CKD-related wasting processes, reduced physical activity and possibly to obesity-induced inflammatory diseases, leading to sarcopenic obesity. Moreover, children with CKD are susceptible to abdominal obesity, resulting from high body fat distribution into the visceral abdomen compartment. Both sarcopenic and abdominal obesity are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. This review analyzes the pathogenetic mechanisms, current trends and outcomes of malnutrition patterns in pediatric CKD. Moreover, it underlines the importance of body composition assessment for the nutritional evaluation and summarizes the advantages and limitations of the currently available techniques. Furthermore, it highlights the benefits of growth hormone therapy and physical activity on malnutrition management.

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